Boulevard ring diagram. Boulevard Ring: from its foundation to the present day. The Boulevard Ring has always been at the center of Moscow events, be it folk festivals, metro construction, revolutions or wars
Boulevard Ring surrounds the center of old Moscow with a cozy necklace of park alleys and trees, where the boulevards connect with each other, forming a horseshoe-shaped green ribbon. There are ten boulevards in the Boulevard Ring, each of which has its own little history.
Gogolevsky Boulevard
In 1775, the government issued a decree on the construction of a boulevard on the site of Kitay-Gorod between the beginning of Prechistinka Street and the Arbat Gate. Five years later, the wall was dismantled, but the Moscow rich and nobility disposed of this picturesque territory according to their own wishes and at their own behest and began to build courtyards.
The not very deep ravine with the Sivka River was filled in, and the bed of the Sivka was changed. Later, in the place where the ravine meandered, Sivtsev Vrazhek Street appeared.
In 1909, a monument to Gogol was erected on the boulevard near the Arbat Gate. It was performed by sculptor N. A. Andreev. In 1952, this monument was replaced by a new one - the work of sculptor N.V. Tomsky. And the old one was moved to a cozy courtyard on Nikitsky Boulevard.
Nikitsky Boulevard
Located between the Arbat and Nikitsky gates. In 1790, clergy, merchants, officials, and nobility lived here; in the courtyards there were shops, barbers, and taverns.
In the 20s of the 19th century, Pushkin’s friend, Colonel S. D. Kisilev, lived here. In 1920, the Printing House was opened at 8a. In 1938 it was reorganized into the House of Journalists.
Tverskoy Boulevard
By 1783, the idea of building a boulevard between the Nikitsky and Tverskaya Gates, where the wall of the White City still stood, was being actively developed. They did not build up the area parallel to the wall; the wall was dismantled and birch trees were planted here. The boulevard turned out to be cheerful, but to the surprise of everyone, the birches dried up and were replaced by linden trees.
Tverskoy Boulevard has become a fashionable place for walks, meetings, and acquaintances. He was loved by A. S., Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov, L. N. Tolstoy and A. P. Chekhov, and other writers.
Strastnoy Boulevard
From Pushkin Square to Peter's Gate Square there is Strastnoy Boulevard, which received its name from the Passionate Monastery. The Passionate Monastery was founded in the 17th century. The monastery stood until 1937; it was dismantled due to the reconstruction of Tverskaya Street.
Where the monastery was located there is now a square and the Rossiya Theater (formerly the Pushkinsky Cinema until 2012). The memory of the monastery is preserved in the name of the nearby boulevard - Strastnaya.
Petrovsky Boulevard
The boulevard from the Petrovsky Gate to Trubnaya Square is named Petrovsky after the monastery of the same name that overlooked it. The boulevard appeared at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, although this area has been known since the 14th century, when a monastery was founded on the high bank of the Neglinnaya River.
At the end of the 18th century, the construction of the boulevard began; alleys were laid here and birch trees were planted. In 1812, a fire burned birch trees and many houses in the surrounding area. In 1818, linden trees were planted here.
Rozhdestvensky Boulevard
Petrovsky Boulevard, rapidly descending from the Petrovsky Gate along the hill, ends at Pipe Square. Behind the square, located in a saddle between two hills, Rozhdestvensky Boulevard begins, rising steeply, which stretches to the Sretensky Gate.
This area has also been known for a long time: Rozhdestvensky maiden and Sretinsky were founded here in the 14th century. monasteries. Local residents ignored Catherine the Great’s decree of 1775 on the construction of the boulevard: courtyards began to appear here in place of the broken wall ordinary people and nobility.
The fire of 1850 burned all the courtyards, the construction of a boulevard began, along which there were both stone and wooden buildings even in the middle of the 19th century, which is recorded in the Moscow plan of 1850.
Sretensky Boulevard
Once it connected the Sretensky and Myasnitsky Gates, now it reaches Sakharov Avenue.
This is the shortest boulevard, its length is only 214 meters. It originated in 1830.
Chistoprudny Boulevard
The boulevard connects Turgenevskaya Square and Pokrovsky Gate Square. Perhaps this is the busiest and most youthful boulevard in Moscow. And the most comfortable, thanks to the beloved Chistye Ponds.
This area has been known since the 16th century. Then there was the Zhivotinny Dvor, a market where livestock was sold. Next to Zhivotinny there were the courtyards of the Gosudarev Military, where cattle were slaughtered for meat, and the Gosudarev Mytny, where duties were collected from traders. At the Myasnitsky Gate there lived butchers who sold meat in their shops. It was not profitable for them to pay the state money for slaughtering livestock; they did it themselves, at their shops, and took the waste to neighboring ponds - the smell was unbearable, and the ponds were deservedly called Pogany.
In the meantime, A.D. Menshikov, who burst onto the Russian political horizon, has arrived here too. Equipping the land purchased in these places, building stone chambers, a church, he planted gardens and strictly ordered to clean up the local ponds and never pollute them again. Which was done on time, and since then the ponds have received a different name - Clean.
At the beginning of Chistoprudny Boulevard there is a monument to A. S. Griboyedov, playwright, poet and diplomat, author of the brilliant comedy “Woe from Wit”.
Pokrovsky Boulevard
This boulevard begins from the Pokrovsky Gate and ends at Vorontsov Field.
In the 17th century, immigrants from Ukraine and Muscovites from different classes lived here. In the 18th century, Moscow nobility began to settle in this place. The houses were built of wood, with extensive gardens. But the first stone buildings appeared only at the end of the century.
Yauzsky Boulevard
The last link of the Boulevard Ring is located between Vorontsovo Pole Street and the Yauz Gate. The road to Kolomna, Ryazan and other Russian cities passed here from ancient times.
In the 18th century, the area on both sides of the modern boulevard was inhabited by Moscow nobility, merchants, and clergy. After the fire of 1812, which destroyed all the wooden houses and buildings, and luxurious gardens, this slope was not developed as quickly as other areas of the Mother See. Almost all plots were purchased by merchants. In the 1820s, the wife of Privy Councilor M.A. Krakov sold the house that once belonged to Princess Shcherbatova to General N.Z. Khitrovo.
On his land, the Khitrov market, the famous “Khitrovka”, was soon formed, masterfully described by V. A. Gilyarovsky in the book “Moscow and Muscovites”. Seasonal workers flocked here in the hope of finding work in Moscow. Around “Khitrovka” there were rooming houses, cheap taverns, and teahouses. Only in 1923 was the Khitrov market destroyed. A little later, a school was erected in its place, and the Electromechanical College was created.
And Yauzsky Boulevard itself was laid out in 1823. It ended at Peter and Paul Lane, behind which several courtyards stubbornly stood, not allowing the boulevard to go to the river, the owners of which ignored the royal decree.
The Boulevard Ring in Moscow is not a ring at all. Here is the Sadovoye Ring, the Moscow Ring Road is also a ring, and the Boulevard Ring is probably called a ring because the boulevards were laid out on the site of the dismantled wall of the White City, which, enclosing city buildings, approached the Kremlin wall on one side, and the wall of Kitay-Gorod on the other , that is, it closed on the already existing walls running along the Moscow River. Accordingly, the boulevard ring is open exactly at the place where the Moscow River flows. In the north, Tsvetnoy Boulevard approaches the boulevard ring, dividing it conventionally into the western and eastern parts. Well, then let's break our walk into two parts so as not to overload. Let's take a walk from Tsvetnoy to Yauzsky Boulevard. For a long time I wanted to make a post about the boulevards, but it turned out that there are quite a lot of interesting things there and you can make quite a lot of posts here, but let’s start with such a walk without any special purpose, just general impressions. And, oddly enough, the long-familiar boulevards began to transform, and now, believe me, there is something to see there...
1. The Boulevard Ring has always been a favorite walking place for Muscovites. Once upon a time in Moscow there were no pedestrian streets and people walked exclusively in parks. The largest are, of course, Tsaritsino and Kolomenskoye, but they are located quite far from the center. And in the center everything was given over to machines. Then the pedestrian Arbat appeared. What else? You could walk around Red Square. Now it’s hard to imagine, walking along Nikolskaya, that before you had to make your way through parked cars. But then and now, Muscovites in the center preferred to take a walk and sit on benches under trees on the boulevards. Another good thing about the boulevard ring is that there are several metro stations nearby: “Kropotkinskaya”, “Arbatskaya”, “Tverskaya”, “Trubnaya”, “Turgenevskaya”. This makes it accessible to everyone, since from almost any “sleeping room” you can get to the boulevards by metro. We started from Trubnaya. Pipe Square was more or less put in order, the movement of cars was streamlined, but for some reason a parking lot was stuck in the middle.
At the beginning of Rozhdestvensky Boulevard there is a long-term construction - some kind of incomprehensible restaurant, which I hope will be demolished soon. He's completely out of place here. What is interesting about Rozhdestvensky Boulevard? Here with inside there is the Nativity Monastery, for example. It's amazing, but I've never been inside. This omission will need to be corrected. From the Boulevard you can see red brick buildings behind a brick fence.
2. And there are also cute houses here.
3. A little further on is the Sretensky Monastery, whose pretty fence with tiles overlooks Bolshaya Lubyanka. I've never been there either. The low buildings of the monastery do not distinguish it from the surrounding buildings at all. But this is all until recently. Now a huge temple has been built here. They slapped him because he seems completely alien here. But we have to admit that the project is quite successful. Modern church construction in Moscow, in addition to its obvious redundancy, has another drawback: some crooked architects are involved in the design, who apparently were previously involved in the design of hangars; they were not trusted with anything more complex. Dull shapes, completely ridiculous proportions. But here everything is quite successful. And even all this rich cladding looks very appropriate. And look at the domes. Chic. And a real one, and not a collective-farm-gypsy one, as we like. When completed, it will be one of the most beautiful new churches in Moscow since almost the time of the October Revolution...
4. Autumn is coming, that's it. There will be less sun, the leaves will also soon all be yellow.
5. At the end of Rozhdestvensky Boulevard there is another house. There are a couple of rock 'n' roll cafes here.
6. Look how cool this pink Cadillac is.
7. Simply lovely.
8. There is no normal transition to Sretensky Boulevard here. You have to cross the road again, then another and another... This, of course, is completely unacceptable.
9. On Sretensky Boulevard there are wooden pieces and arches with flowers. During the endless holidays and festivals, these arches have become boring.
10. At the beginning there is a very good monument to Krupskaya. It’s interesting that I had never thought about who this monument was to, although I walked along the boulevards quite often in my time.
11. A little plastic beauty.
12. So in my life I would never have thought that this was a monument to Krupskaya. From the children's books we studied at school, we remember her as such an old woman surrounded by children, at least that's the image that stuck in my head. And here is such a fast-moving woman. A very dynamic monument. I hope in the wake of the next struggle someone will not think of dismantling it.
13. Some medieval castles appeared from behind the trees.
14. At the end of the boulevard there is another monument - a monument to Shukhov. It has rich decorative elements all around. These mechanical things made of cast iron are cool, but pigeons really like to hang out here.
15. Nearby there is a most luxurious building - the house of the Rossiya insurance company. The architecture has obvious Italian notes - very beautiful. A corner of Italy in Moscow.
16. And then it suddenly turned out that they had made a transition from Sretensky to Chistoprudny Boulevard. Wow! Cool! Previously, in order to cross from one boulevard to another, you had to cross the road 3 times while standing at a traffic light. Now there is a public garden on Turgenevskaya Square.
17. With greenery, benches. It is very cozy here, even despite the proximity of the roadway.
18. How do you like this look? A piece of Europe in Moscow. Super.
19. I haven’t been here for a long time. I had absolutely no idea that everything was set up like this here.
20. Cool.
21. In front of the metro station pavilion " " there is such an installation.
22. We go to Chistye Prudy. The characters in Griboyedov's works look down on us from the pedestal of the monument to the writer.
23. What you won’t see in Moscow. Here's a guy with a sitar humming something Indian.
24. A little further is the monument to Abai Kunanbaev. More than 90% of people do not know who he is and why he is famous. I am also part of this majority.
25. Another building that needs to be demolished. I’ve never seen anyone ever enter this building, what’s even inside?
26. But this floating restaurant does not cause rejection. Maybe because it is decorated with wood and has such a cool tent roof. In general, Chistoprudny Boulevard is one of the most popular. Not least due to the fact that there is this small pond. Water always calms you down. It's nice to sit and look at the water surface.
27. Suddenly, on the contrary, another structure made of wood was assembled. Cute.
28. At the end of the boulevard there is a “house with animals”. Decorated with animals and ornaments borrowed from St. Demetrius Cathedral in Vladimir.
29. Well, there’s also a cool wrought-iron staircase railing. With cats and owls.
30. And then it begins. Yes yes, it will be interesting soon...
31. It’s great that they started making such reminder signs for cyclists. This is primarily for their own safety.
32. Ta-daaaam! On Khokhlovskaya Square, where there was nothing for a thousand years, where there was endless construction or who knows what, a new public space has appeared.
33. Here the main dominant feature is a piece of the wall of the White City. It was on the site of the dismantled wall that the boulevard ring appeared, so this is an iconic ruin. For a long time she was hidden under a canopy and was not visible at all. Now here she is, please!
34. An amphitheater with seats was made around it. There are already a lot of people here, although this space was not opened with such fanfare as Zaradye Park. People will always be where it is good.
35. Super.
36. There is also a ramp for people with limited mobility. And you won't notice it right away. It fits perfectly into these concrete steps. Take a closer look. Luxurious idea. But it might be worth making a little more wooden seats.
37. The benches are very stylish. Good topic- for each place of attraction, make your own unique outdoor furniture.
38. And tram stops along the boulevards have been improved. They didn’t exist at all before, but now they have been isolated and raised. We made a visor. Fine!
39. Pink arches...
40. Got it... I hope they disappear next year.
41. Suddenly there is a break in the fence. I remember several years ago they cleaned and repaired these fences along the entire ring. It didn't last long.
42. The facades of the buildings around are being restored.
43. Arch. =)
44. We move from Pokrovsky to Yauzsky Boulevard. A piece of the Soviet past. Luxurious house with sculptures. They definitely need to be restored.
45. One of the new Moscow monuments is the monument to Rasul Gamzatov. It’s very touching that someone laid flowers like that.
46. Behind the dense thickets of trees is someone’s house.
47. Another beautiful house.
48.
49. That’s it, the boulevard ring ends here, and work on the boulevards is still ongoing, although they promised to finish everything by City Day. Soon a safety island will be built here at the end of Yauzsky Boulevard and it will be easier to cross to the boulevard.
50. This textured grandfather in a dressing gown went out onto the balcony and also monitors the work of the builders who are laying the tiles.
The Boulevard Ring, a landscape landmark of Moscow, arose at the end of the 18th century on the site of the Belgorod Wall, a defensive fortification that was abolished and dismantled as unnecessary. The passage towers of the walls were also destroyed, and in their place squares were formed, the names of which are reminiscent of their past purpose. The names still contain mention of the gates: Pokrovsky Gates, Arbat Gates, Nikitsky Gates, etc.
How many boulevards are there in the Boulevard Ring?
A total of ten boulevards were created, which were located one after another in the shape of a horseshoe, surrounding the center of Moscow. The ends of the “horseshoe” abut directly to form the Boulevard Ring. The Moscow map contains full information about all the boulevards along with the squares. Unlike the Garden Ring, Boulevard Ring has a more compact outline.
The Boulevard Ring (Moscow, as you know, took a long time to build) did not appear in its current form right away. The first boulevard, Tverskoy, was laid out in 1796 by the architect S. Karin, and then nine other boulevard avenues diverged in both directions from Tverskoy Boulevard. The Moscow Boulevard Ring was finally formed in the first half of the 19th century.
It starts from Soimonovsky Proezd on Prechistenka and continues from Prechistenskie Vorota Square to Arbat Square. This section is called Gogolevsky Boulevard. goes into Arbat Gate Square. From the Arbat Gate, Nikitsky Boulevard begins, which ends at the square. At this point, the Boulevard Ring intersects with Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street, which opens onto Manezhnaya Square.
After Nikitsky Gates, the ring continues with Tverskoy Boulevard, which ends at Pushkinskaya Square. Departing from A.S. Pushkin Square, its end is Petrovskie Vorota Square, which is crossed by the famous Moscow Petrovka Street. After Petrovsky Gate, the Boulevard Ring continues with Petrovsky Boulevard, which extends to Trubnaya Square.
Sretensky Boulevard ends with Turgenev Square, connecting Myasnitskaya Street and Academician Sakharov Avenue. At the end of Sretensky Boulevard there is Myasnitskie Vorota Square, from which Chistoprudny Boulevard originates, turning into Pokrovskie Vorota Square. The next square, Khokhlovskaya, is where Pokrovsky Boulevard begins, which immediately turns into Yauzsky Boulevard.
Yauzsky Boulevard ends in a square from which Ustinsky Proezd, the last link of the Moscow Boulevard Ring, departs.
Boulevards and their differences
Some of the 10 boulevards of the ring have their own distinctive features. Gogolevsky Boulevard runs on three levels. The internal highway runs along the upper level, the middle one along the middle tier, and the external passage runs along the lowest line. The boulevard received such a step due to the different heights of the banks of the Chertoroi stream, which once flowed on the site of Gogolevsky Boulevard.
The “youngest” boulevard of all is Pokrovsky; for a long time its formation was hampered by the Pokrovsky barracks and the huge parade ground next to them. The parade ground was demolished in 1954, and only after that the alley was turned into a full-fledged boulevard.
The shortest boulevard is Sretensky, its length is only 214 meters, and the longest is Tverskoy Boulevard, 857 meters. Strastnoy Boulevard has a record width of 123 meters.
Monuments
The Boulevard Ring is famous for its monuments:
- A. S. Pushkin on
- Vladimir Vysotsky and Sergei Rachmaninov on Strastnoy Boulevard.
- N.V. Gogol and Mikhail Sholokhov on Gogolevsky Boulevard.
- A. S. Griboyedov on Chistoprudny Boulevard.
- On Tverskoy Boulevard to Sergei Yesenin and K. A. Timiryazev.
- At the exit from Sretensky Boulevard there is a monument to V. G. Shukhov.
Metro stations
The following metro stations are located along the perimeter of the Moscow Boulevard Ring:
- station "Kropotkinskaya" (Sokolnicheskaya line);
- station "Arbatskaya" (Filyovskaya line);
- station "Pushkinskaya" (Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line);
- Tverskaya station (Zamoskvoretskaya line);
- station "Chekhovskaya" (Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line);
- Trubnaya station (Lublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line);
- station "Turgenevskaya" (Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line);
- station "Sretensky Boulevard" (Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line);
- station "Chistye Prudy" (Sokolnicheskaya line).
Horse and tram
There was no transport on the Boulevard Ring; Muscovites made do with cab drivers. However, in 1887, horse-drawn carriages appeared on the boulevards. The horse-drawn tram operated until 1911, then a tram was launched along the Boulevard Ring. The route was considered a circular route, although the carriages only went to the Moscow River embankment in both directions.
In 1947, the Boulevard Ring was partially restored for the 800th anniversary of Moscow. Outdated benches in parks were replaced with new, modern ones. The mesh fence, which by that time had already rusted, was completely replaced. Instead, cast iron barriers were installed. Since 2011, the Boulevard Ring has become a favorite place for all kinds of protest rallies and demonstrations.
The Moscow Boulevard Ring is the longest pedestrian zone in the capital. It is a continuous sequence of squares and boulevards stretching over a distance of about nine kilometers. True, it can be a stretch to call it a ring, since in fact its shape is more like a horseshoe and is interrupted at the Prechistensky Gate squares in the southwest and the Yauzsky Gate in the southeast.
The boulevard ring stretches along the line of the fortress wall of old Moscow - the White City. The Belgorod wall was built back in the 16th century, and the city inside it was named White based on the color of its walls. Gates were made at the intersection of city streets with the walls of the fortress, and each gate was named after the names of the streets adjacent to them: Nikitsky, Sretensky, Petrovsky, etc.
At the end of the 18th century, the territory of the city expanded, went beyond the Belgorod Wall and, by decree of Catherine II, the wall was dismantled, and boulevards began to be laid out in its place. Tverskoy Boulevard was the first to be built; it appeared in 1796. Today, the Boulevard Ring includes Gogolevsky, Nikitsky, Tverskoy, Strastnoy, Petrovsky, Rozhdestvensky, Sretensky, Chistoprudny, Pokrovsky and Yauzky boulevards. And now only the names of the squares located in their place remind us of the fortress gates and towers. In 1978, the Boulevard Ring was given the status of a monument of landscape art.
You can start a walk along the Boulevard Ring anywhere; there are several central metro stations near the ring, and there is a public bus along the ring. public transport. This review will describe the route of a walk through the entire Boulevard Ring from Gogolevsky to Yauzsky Boulevard, clockwise. The numbering of houses along the entire Boulevard Ring also goes clockwise when looking at the map. The Boulevard Ring is also a cycling zone, with Velobike bike rental points quite common along its entire length.
The boulevard ring begins from Prechistenskie Vorota Square (formerly Kropotkinskaya Square). There is a monument to Friedrich Engels on the square; from the Gogolevsky Boulevard, the western lobby of the Kropotkinskaya metro station overlooks the square.
From the Prechistensky Gate, the streets Prechistenka, Ostozhenka, Simonovsky Proezd, Volkhonka and Gogolevsky Boulevard diverge in different directions. From here you can see the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, and behind it, just 350 meters away, is the bed of the Moscow River, but the river is not visible from the square.
Gogolevsky Boulevard stretches north from the Prechistensky Gate to the Arbatsky Gate, its length is about a kilometer and its width is 36 meters. It was broken up after 1812. Previously, the boulevard was called Prechistensky, but in 1924, during the celebrations of the 115th anniversary of the great Russian writer N.V. Gogol, it was renamed Gogolevsky. Gogolevsky Boulevard is rightfully considered the most beautiful in the Boulevard Ring; in addition, it ranks second in length among all Moscow boulevards. The boulevard and its passages are on three different levels: the outer passage (relative to the ring) is on the lower level, the internal passage is on the upper level, and the boulevard itself is at the middle height between the passages.
In the central part of the boulevard - opposite the Sivtsev-Vrazhek lane - there is a monument to M.A. Sholokhov, and at the end, near Arbat Square - a monument to N.V. Gogol. Gogolevsky Boulevard often appeared in Soviet films, for example, scenes from the films “Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears” and “Pokrovsky Gate” were filmed here.
It’s nice to walk along the boulevard; here, under the crowns of tall trees, there is a wide dirt road, benches are installed, flower beds are laid out, and there is a children’s playground. In the part of the boulevard that is closer to the Kropotkinskaya metro station, exhibitions of artists are often held.
There are many notable buildings on Gogolevsky Boulevard, for example, the Sekretarev city estate (house 5), the Bocharov apartment building (21), the Zamyatin-Lvov-Tretyakov estate (house 6); the Naryshkin estate (building 10), the Vasilchikov estate and the Chess Federation of the Russian Federation (building 14).
The second square of the boulevard ring is Arbat Gate Square (previously it was part of Arbat Square). It is located at the intersection of New Arbat, Arbat, Povarskaya Street and Nikitsky Boulevard. Here is the famous restaurant "Prague", the cinema "Khudozhestvenny", the lobby of the metro station "Arbatskaya", the church-chapel of Boris and Gleb.
The second boulevard - Nikitsky - is located between the Arbat Gate and Nikitskie Gate squares. From 1950 to 1993, the boulevard was called Suvorovsky in honor of the great Russian commander A. Suvorov, who lived very close - on Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street. The boulevard was laid out in the early 1820s. It is inferior in length to Gogolevsky, its length is only half a kilometer and its width is 19 meters.
Along the entire length of the boulevard there is a paving stone path, benches are installed, flower beds are laid out, tall trees grow, some of them are more than 150 years old. Chestnut trees bloom here in spring. Among the attractions of Nikitsky Boulevard one can mention the “House of Polar Explorers” (house 7 where many legendary discoverers of the Arctic lived); House of N.V. Gogol Memorial Museum and Scientific Library (7A); Vlasov House (house 11, old estate); Church of Theodore the Studite at the Nikitsky Gate; the Lunin estate (house No. 12, building 3 - a classic mansion built according to the design of the famous D. Gilardi); Museum of Oriental Art (house No. 12 A).
The square separates Nikitsky and Tverskoy boulevards and is located at the intersection of Bolshaya and Malaya Nikitsky streets and the Boulevard Ring. Here is the Church of the Ascension of the Lord, in which in 1831 Alexander Pushkin married Natalya Goncharova (Bolshaya Nikitskaya, 36); theater "At the Nikitsky Gate"; the famous ITAR-TASS building. From the west (between Bolshaya and Malaya Nikitskaya streets) the square is adjacent to a small square with a rotunda fountain “Natalia and Alexander”, also dedicated to A. Pushkin and N. Goncharova.
Tverskoy Boulevard is the third and oldest in the Boulevard Ring. It stretches between Nikitsky Gate Square and Pushkin Square for 875 meters, the width of the boulevard is about 50 meters. At the beginning of the boulevard, at the Nikitsky Gate, there is a monument to K. A. Timiryazev, erected in 1923. Previously, there was a residential building on this site; it burned down during armed clashes between Bolsheviks and Junkers in 1917. There is also a functioning public toilet here.
In the central part of the boulevard, opposite house 19, there is a monument to S.A. Yesenin. Around the monument there are flower beds with figures of Pegasus and birds of paradise, and carved bronze benches are installed behind the monument to the poet. There is a dirt road and paved paths along the boulevard; along the main alley there are benches, lanterns, and many flower beds. Opposite house number 14 there is a very old oak tree, its age exceeds 200 years. The oak is called “Pushkinsky”, it is fenced with a forged chain.
There are three theaters on Tverskoy Boulevard: the Moscow Drama Theater named after A. S. Pushkin (building 23), the Moscow Academic Art Theater named after M. Gorky (building No. 22), and the Aparte Theater (building No. 8). The Moscow Museum of Modern Art is located in house no.
Photo exhibitions are often held on the boulevard, closer to Pushkinskaya Square. There are two playgrounds here, one is located next to the Timiryazev monument, the other is in the middle of the boulevard.
Closer to Pushkinskaya Square there are many restaurants: McDonald's (Bolshaya Bronnaya, 29), Cheburechnaya USSR (Bolshaya Bronnaya Street, 27/4), restaurant "Pushkin" (Tverskoy Boulevard, 29), restaurant "Armenia" (Tverskoy Boulevard, 28).
Tverskoy Boulevard ends at Tverskaya Street, and here, before crossing Tverskaya Street and going to Pushkinskaya Square, it is worth turning into Novopushkinsky Square. It is located between the boulevard and the McDonald's building; you just need to cross the outer passage of Tverskoy Boulevard (on the odd side) via the ground crossing. In the center of the park, surrounded by flower beds, there is a Novopushkinsky fountain. There are benches and lanterns installed around it, lawns are laid out and tall trees grow. Holidays and festivals are regularly held here; in the summer, hammocks are hung in the park; in winter, trees are decorated and a New Year tree is erected.
Pushkinskaya Square (formerly Strastnaya and Tverskaya Gate Square) separates Tverskaya and Strastnoy Boulevards at their intersection with Tverskaya Street. A park was laid out on the square in 1950; now the Pushkin Fountain and the Monument to A.S. are installed here. Pushkin. The fountain is surrounded by flower beds and a lawn, benches and lanterns are installed around it, and the area is covered with paving stones. Quite a pleasant place, people make appointments here and spend time at the fountain, and from here you can start a walk along the Boulevard Ring.
On Pushkinskaya Square there are also: the building of the Izvestia newspaper (Pushkinskaya Square, 3); exits of the Pushkinskaya, Chekhovskaya and Tverskaya metro stations; theater "Russia" Shopping and business center "Gallery Actor" (Tverskaya street, 16).
Let's continue our walk along the Boulevard Ring. From Pushkinskaya Square we walk further forward, past the Rossiya Theater, and move onto the fourth boulevard in the ring - Strastnoy. It stretches between Pushkinskaya Square and Petrovsky Gate Square for 550 meters. The width of the boulevard is 123 meters, it is the widest in the Boulevard Ring. There are several alleys covered with paving stones along the boulevard, there are benches and lanterns, and there is a children's playground.
There are three monuments on the boulevard: the monument to A. T. Tvardovsky - located at the beginning of the boulevard, near Naryshkinsky passage; monument to S.V. Rachmaninov - located in the central part of the boulevard; and at the end of the boulevard there is a monument to Vladimir Vysotsky. Previously, Strastnoy Boulevard was a narrow alley, but in 1872, local landowner E. A. Naryshkina, at her own expense, turned the square into a boulevard, which was later called the Naryshkinsky Garden or Square for a long time.
Formally, this square separates Strastnoy and Petrovsky boulevards. It is located at the intersection of the Boulevard Ring and Petrovka Street. Here you can cross Petrovka Street along the ground crossing and go to Petrovsky Boulevard.
The fifth boulevard - Petrovsky - stretches from Petrovsky Gate Square to Trubnaya Square for 450 meters. The boulevard is fenced with a beautiful cast-iron lattice, and the exit from it to Trubnaya Square is decorated with two granite pedestals with cast-iron flowerpots. The width of the boulevard is just over 20 meters, so there is only one dirt path.
Along the path there are benches, flower beds, and tall old linden trees. Petrovsky Boulevard is not remarkable for anything special, there are no monuments or fountains, but it has its own charm. The boulevard is very short and if we don’t stop here to sit under the old linden trees and take a break, then pretty quickly we reach the end of the boulevard and end up on Trubnaya Square.
The boulevard ring in Moscow was formed on the site of the defensive walls that once stood here, which lost their relevance by the end of the eighteenth century and were no longer maintained in proper condition by that time. So, in 1750, part of the wall collapsed and buried several people.
The former fortification structure began to be dismantled during the reign of Empress Catherine II, for which a special Stone Order was formed in 1774.
The dismantling plan was presented already in 1775. It followed that on the site of the fortifications of the White City, alleys should have been built, lined on both sides with trees, and in the place of the former towers with travel gates, open squares should have been laid out (which is why the name of many squares of the Boulevard Ring contains the word “gate”). The plan was personally approved by Catherine II, after which the executors immediately began work.
The fortified area was soon razed to the ground, and the valuable stone at that time from the dismantled walls was used for construction (in particular, a magnificent one was built from it).
It is worth noting that the construction of boulevards was not some purely Russian feature. At that time, they were being created in many European cities on the site of former medieval ramparts, already located within the boundaries of growing settlements.
This word, according to experts, comes from the German “bolwerk”, which means “fortified earthen rampart”. Further, the French adopted it, and then it came to Russia, transforming into a “boulevard”. True, the people initially pronounced it in the Russian manner - “gulvar”.
The first to appear on the future Boulevard Ring was Tverskoy Boulevard. This happened in 1796. The project was developed by the architect Semyon Antonovich Karin, who then served under the city Deanery. Almost immediately, its territory became a favorite place for Muscovites, where they liked to stroll and relax. In addition, Tverskoy became a kind of secular living room.
The number of boulevards increased every year. Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky in 1845 called this green belt of Moscow the best city decoration, which even St. Petersburg, the capital at that time, could envy. Accordingly, the beautiful place was given a euphonious name - “ring”.
But there were also serious problems. Thus, in 1862, a huge number of trees were illegally cut down on the Boulevard Ring, which, most likely, were used to kindle the stoves that were then widespread in the city for heating homes. In addition, the lawn itself was pretty wrinkled from walking and walking dogs, and the fence in many places was simply broken.
The Moscow Governor-General was forced to immediately report the situation personally to the Tsar, who ordered the necessary measures to be taken to protect the green belt of the Mother See. It was then that caretakers appeared at the ring, whose direct responsibility was to maintain order. But this was not the only action of the authorities, who were forced to prohibit the movement of carts, riding bicycles and even the walking of citizens with suitcases in their hands in this place.
The first transport - a horse-drawn horse - appeared on the Boulevard Ring in 1887 and already at the beginning of the 20th century roundabout became one of the main city highways and was called the “A” ring.
The horse tram was replaced by a tram in 1911. The first carriage on route “A”, nicknamed Muscovites, passed on February 29 (?) (indicated in some sources). Interestingly, the circular route even went along the Kremlin walls.
Tram "A" has become not just an ordinary vehicle, but something of a kind. Mention of him can be found in the works of Ilf and Petrov, Konstantin Paustovsky, Mikhail Zoshchenko and Bulat Okudzhava.
The Boulevard Ring was badly damaged during the bombing of Moscow in 1941, but after the end Patriotic War The boulevards were quickly restored and they came to life again. In the period from 1945 to 1947 alone, more than 4 thousand trees and an even larger number of shrubs were planted here - about 130,000 (!).
On the eve of the celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of Moscow, the mesh fence was replaced with low cast-iron fences, and wooden sofas were installed instead of ordinary benches. The entrances to the walking area were also decorated with monumental lamps and elegant flowerpots. The comprehensive reconstruction and landscaping project was carried out under the leadership of Vitaly Ivanovich Dolganov.
Boulevards and squares of the Boulevard Ring
The boulevard ring has a total of 10 boulevards and 13 squares. Despite its, so to speak, geometric connection, it is not closed and is limited on the southern side by the bed of the Moscow River. It includes:
The Boulevard Ring was declared a “monument of landscape gardening art” in 1978. For the 850th anniversary of the city's founding, a coloristic design was developed and implemented for the buildings bordering it. The project was developed by the architect Alexander Vladimirovich Zhuk (?).
