Taidonova Anastasia and Taidonova Victoria

research work

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MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"KOPIEVSKAYA SECONDARY SCHOOL

WITH IN-DEPTH STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL SUBJECTS »

SECTION: “PRIMARY CLASSES”

RESEARCH WORK ON THE TOPIC:

"SECRETIES OF SOAP BUBBLES"

Completed:

Taidonova Anastasia,

Taidonova Victoria

4B class students

Scientific supervisor:

L. V. Kazatskaya,

Primary teacher

Classes

Kopevo, 2012

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………3

Mystery 1: The origin of the soap bubble……………………………..4

Mystery 2: What is a soap bubble……………………………………..5

Mystery 3: Soap bubbles in painting…………………………………..5

Mystery 4: “Crystal Balls”………………………………………………………9

Secret 5: Different ways making soap bubbles…………...9

Mystery 6: Soap bubble and Guinness Book of Records………………….14

Conclusion…………………………………………………………..16

References………………………………………………………...17

Appendix………………………………………………………………...18

Introduction

Soap bubbles are a favorite pastime for children and even adults. They float in the air, shimmering with all the rainbow colors, and always bring a smile.

A small jar of soap bubbles can now be easily bought in a store. However, it ends quickly, and they also don’t have a very good composition, and the expected fireworks of soap bubbles are limited to only a dozen small bubbles.

So we thought about making a solution for soap bubbles ourselves. And it’s even better that soap bubbles are made from such a solution large sizes.

Many of us try to blow big bubbles by endlessly experimenting with shampoos, powders and soaps. However, even in such a seemingly simple, soapy matter, we found many tricks. Of course, it all depends on the composition of the soap bubbles. We found ten recipes for soap bubbles, but which one is best is very difficult to understand, so we decided to try them all.

The purpose of our research:preparing and testing a solution for soap bubbles at home.

Tasks:

Find out what soap bubbles are

Find various recipes for making soap bubbles in the literature,

Conduct experiments to determine the quality of the prepared solution for blowing soap bubbles.

We put forward the following hypothesis: only the factory solution produces large soap bubbles.
Object research: soap bubbles.

Item research: composition of soap bubbles.

Soap bubble, perhaps

the most amazing and most

An exquisite natural phenomenon.

Mark Twain.

"Blow a bubble

and look at it:

you can study

studying it all my life,

Without ceasing to extract

Lessons from it..."

Kelvin.

Mystery 1: The origin of the soap bubble.

Bubbles have always existed as a natural phenomenon, but they could not have arisen before soap. But have you ever thought that ordinary soap is one of the most ancient inventions of mankind? People had not yet invented spoons or forks, they did not know buttons, watches, or window glass, but soap already existed. And this discovery is no less than 5 thousand years old. But the question of who should give the inventor’s palm is, as always, controversial.

Archaeologists found recipes for this first ever detergent in ancient Egyptian papyri. And the famous Roman scientist and historian Pliny the Elder, who lived in the 1st century AD, in his “Natural History” argued that we owe the invention of soap to the enemies of Rome - the barbarians (the Gauls and the ancient Germans). It is difficult to say which of the listed nations is the real author of the soap.

Even in the paintings of Flemish artists of the 17th century, there were often images of children blowing soap bubbles through a clay straw. In the XVIII and 19th centuries children blew soap bubbles using soapy water left over from washing. Blowing soap bubbles became even more popular when in 1886 the Pears Soap Company began advertising its "air" product using the famous painting "Bubbles" by John Millais (1829-1896). And the mass production of soap bubbles for sale began only in the 1940s.

Mystery 2: What is a soap bubble?

A soap bubble is a thin multilayer film of soapy water filled with air, usually in the form of a sphere with an iridescent surface. Soap bubbles usually last only a few seconds and burst when touched or spontaneously. Due to its fragility, the soap bubble has become synonymous with something attractive, but meaningless and short-lived.

In Ozhegov’s dictionary it is mentioned as something bright, but fragile, an inflated size. About something that quickly appears and quickly disappears.

Mystery 3: Soap bubbles in painting.

Soap bubbles cannot leave anyone indifferent: neither an artist, nor a clown, nor a scientist, nor adults, nor children. We really enjoyed Frances Tipton Hunter's "The Bubble Fairies." We also present works by other famous artists.

Children Blowing Bubbles,

Jean Etienne Lyotard (1702 - 1789), French school

Bubble,

Edouard Manet (1832-1883), 1867, French school

Bubbles, Dawson Dawson-Watson (1864-1939), English school

Mystery 4: Crystal Balls.

Ordinary soap bubbles look amazingly beautiful on the street. Freezing in the cold, they turn into a kind of glass balls that decorate Christmas trees for the New Year. Such “crystal” beauties are obtained when the air temperature is below – 7 °C. Prepare the mixture: take melt water and dilute shampoo in it. It is better to blow balls from a plastic tube from a ballpoint pen or from a household funnel for pouring liquids. The balls are not fragile at all; if the ball falls, it will not break, only dents will appear on it. In mild frost (from –3 to –7 °C) the balls do not freeze, but you can try a little experiment. Try to carefully place a few snowflakes on the blown ball - they will immediately slide to the bottom of the bubble, and the crystallization process will begin at the place where the snowflakes are located. Soon you will see that the bubble is completely frozen. It will freeze even if you place it on snow.

Secret 5: Different ways to make soap bubbles

You can buy a solution for soap bubbles in a store or prepare it yourself. Who among us hasn't used bottles of shampoo to blow soap bubbles? Did it work for you?

We don't have much. The bubbles, of course, inflated, but either burst immediately, not having time to come off the tip of the tube, or they still broke off, but did not fly anywhere, but fell down and burst, without even having time to touch the ground. There was little joy from such bubbles. It turns out that in order to prepare a composition for soap bubbles, you need to know a few little tricks. We’ll talk about them, or more precisely about the solution recipes, now. So how to make soap bubbles?

Experiment - testing soap bubble compositions.
For this test 10 recipes were selected.
Stage 1. For this experiment the following substances were needed:
(all of them, together or separately, are components of the 10 recipes selected for the test)
- Water
- Dishwashing liquid
- Baby shampoo
- Washing powder
- Glycerin
- Ammonia
- Polyvinyl alcohol
- Sugar
- Kettle (boiling water)
And also:
Jars
All kinds of measuring containers
Tubes
For convenience, we number the jars.
And of course, each of them is given a tube for blowing bubbles, pre-cut at the end.
Stage 2. Prepare 10 soap solutions according to recipes selected from the literature and the Internet.
The compositions of 10 recipes for soap bubbles are given in the appendix
Some compositions are the same at first glance, but in such a delicate matter as a soap bubble, proportions can play a decisive role.

Stage 3. Testing the compositions of soap bubbles.
(Of all the recipes, experiments with composition No. 8 can be considered incorrect, since according to the recipe, the composition must be infused for several days and filtered).

Test 1. Poke with a soapy finger.
To check the quality of the composition of soap bubbles, you need to pierce it with your finger, after wetting it with the same soap solution, and if the bubble does not burst, then the composition is considered good.

However, all 10 soap compositions passed this test perfectly.
Test 2. For the lifetime of a soap bubble.
This test turned out to be the most interesting. 10 bubbles from 10 compositions were inflated.

Time has passed.
The bubbles from the 5th and 6th compositions were the first to give up, after a while the bubbles of the 8th, 9th, 10th and 3rd compositions burst. Then the 4th and 7th squads held out for quite a long time, but their bubbles burst.

And now a real fight arose between the 1st and 2nd squads.

After 30 minutes, it began to seem like these bubbles would last forever.
However, on the 35th minute the 1st squad collapsed. Exactly, blown away! Because this bubble did not burst, but deflated for a few seconds, like the old one balloon, ultimately leaving not soapy water on the table, but a completely solid film.

And all this because sugar was present in considerable proportions in this composition. The last bubble, composition No. 2, lasted much longer than the others, a full 50 minutes! It contained a little sugar.
Conclusion: Sugar contributes to the longevity of soap bubbles.

Test 3. Blowing bubbles.
As already mentioned, there are various special devices for blowing large soap bubbles. But for the initial experiment, we take a regular cocktail straw. For each composition, several attempts are made to inflate the largest possible bubble. And I must say that many compositions showed very good results. It is also interesting that, for example, from composition No. 1, which lasted 30 minutes in the previous test, almost the smallest bubbles were obtained. This means that the lifetime of the bubble is not the most important thing.
Soap bubbles of compositions: 2,7,8 win in this test. They are followed by compositions: 3 and 4. Then all the rest.

Thus, we can conclude: soap bubbles according to the second recipe turned out to be the most persistent and largest.

Mystery 6: Soap bubble and Guinness Book of Records.

Look at this picture carefully. This is not Photoshop, not a visual effect. This is a soap bubble! A real soap bubble, except that it is simply huge. Would you say this is impossible? But no, because the USA and Great Britain have long learned to produce equipment capable of blowing huge soap bubbles. 37-year-old London entrepreneur Samsam Bubbleman managed to create the largest soap bubble in the world. His bubble measures 20 x 5 x 5 feet, is currently considered a champion, and is therefore included in the Guinness Book of Records. Bubbleman uses bubbles as promotions for his own company. To create something like this, special equipment is required, as I already said above. You won't be able to get by with a regular baby soap set.

He himself developed his own formulas for creating soapy water, in addition, he works only with his own equipment. Other firms and companies use the services of the entrepreneur. Mr. Bubbleman (or, more simply, Sam is a hit) keeps the secret of creating giant soap bubbles a closely guarded secret.

Conclusion

After studying the literature and conducting experiments, we concluded that secret Making soap bubbles using liquid detergent, soap and water is very simple.

The water should be soft or, even better, distilled. Heavy water due to its mineral content will cause fragile bubbles that will not last long. The easiest way to make water softer is to boil it thoroughly and let it settle. It is better to take warm water; soap will dissolve faster.

The best soap for bubbles is simple household soap, domestically produced. Bubbles from “Glycerin” or any liquid detergent are also good.

The lifespan of a bubble depends on how long it remains wet. Glycerin is excellent at slowing down drying time.

I would like to end my speech with Marshak’s poems.

...Shining with a smooth film,

Expanding in breadth

It comes out tender, thin,

Painted bubble.

An inflated balloon takes off

More transparent than glass.

It's like it's inside

Mirrors sparkle...

Thank you for your attention.

Will there be any questions?

References

1. Y. E. Geguzin – “Bubbles”
2. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Suchkov Ilya

Project Manager:

Kozlova Nadezhda Petrovna

Institution:

MBOU "Penovskaya Secondary School named after E.I. Chaikina" Peno village

Research work in elementary school"Secrets of Soap Bubbles" completed by a 1st grade student at a secondary school. This work is devoted to the study of the nature and properties of soap bubbles, as well as the process of making the most suitable soap solution at home.

The author of a research project in an elementary school, “Secrets of Soap Bubbles,” studies theoretical material about the history of soap bubbles and studies their basic properties. The practical part of the project contains basic recipes for preparing a soap solution for bubbles at home, where the student compares the size and durability of the resulting soap bubbles.

In this project at the elementary school "Secrets of Soap Bubbles" 1st grade student will demonstrate fun experiments and experiments with soap bubbles made using tools such as a cocktail straw, funnel, bottomless bottle, wire frame, stick and thread device.

Introduction
1. What is a soap bubble.
2. The history of soap bubbles.
3. Unique properties of soap bubbles.
3.1 Why do soap bubbles have the shape of a ball?
3.2 Why do soap bubbles have rainbow colors?
3.3 Why soap bubbles don’t fly for long.
3.4 Soap bubbles in the cold.
3.5 Wide Application soap bubbles.
4. How to make soap bubbles at home.
4.1. Recipes for preparing a solution for soap bubbles.
4.2. Entertaining experiments and experiments with soap bubbles.
Conclusion
References
Application

I'm letting in bubbles! There are so many of them, look, they are flying above me, the sun is shining in them. The bubbles have scattered, don't pick them up in your palms, don't try to catch them, they're so easy to scare! Just touch it with your hand, clap! ... And it’s empty above you!

O. Borisova

Introduction

Soap bubbles are weightless, almost imperceptible and so beautiful. They inspire many people, bring joy and pleasure. Blowing water balloons is a favorite pastime for all generations. Soap bubbles, which are colored alternately in the most different colors Rainbows seem fabulous and magical.

Regardless of age, bubbles cause people to scream with delight and an irresistible desire to immediately catch up and catch the fleeing sparkling ball.

Solutions for blowing this rainbow miracle are sold in stores, and there are various generators for producing soap masterpieces. But is it possible to make soap bubbles at home, from what solution can you get the largest and strongest soap bubbles? This work will be devoted to solving these issues.

Relevance: Currently, soap bubbles are one of the best-selling toys. But, probably, each of us at least once thought about the question: “Is it possible to prepare a soap solution at home, the bubbles from which will delight you with their fragile beauty?”

Absolutely all children are naturally inquisitive and love to discover something unknown. The relevance of this work is due to the development of creativity in children and the desire for new discoveries.

Purpose of the study : Create soap bubbles at home, identify the most successful recipe for making soap bubbles, conduct experiments and experiments with soap bubbles.

Object of study : soap bubble.

Subject of research : the process of preparing solutions at home and methods of blowing a soap bubble.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

• Study theoretical material on the topic “ Soap bubbles»;
• Get acquainted with the history of soap bubbles;
• Learn the secrets and properties of a soap bubble;
• Learn recipes for preparing a solution for blowing soap bubbles;
• Conduct inflation experiments at home various types soap bubbles.

Research methods:

• Analysis of scientific literature on this study.
• Observation of soap bubbles from various solutions.
• Experiment.

Hypotheses:

Let's assume that soap bubbles are formed from a soap solution, and the liquid for blowing soap bubbles can be prepared at home.

The size and stability of soap bubbles depends on the composition of the bubble liquid

Zemlyanskaya Valeria

Mark Twain said that “...A soap bubble is perhaps the most delightful and most exquisite phenomenon of nature.” It is impossible to imagine a child who will look indifferently at a huge rainbow soap bubble. Many children try to create solutions for soap bubbles on their own, although they do not always achieve what they want. This study will help you understand the components of the solutions, devices and achieve the desired results. This is a fun project that will reveal the secrets of soap bubbles.

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Municipal educational institution

Average secondary school №1

S. Novoselitsky, Novoselitsky district, Stavropol Territory

X SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

"NEW GENERATION"

Section

"First Steps"

RESEARCH PROJECT

Novoselitskoye, 2017

Introduction ……………………………………………………. …………………2-3

Main part

Chapter I. Theoretical research

1. What is a “soap bubble”?……………………………..………….4
2. The history of the soap bubble……………………… 5
3. Interesting information about soap bubbles.....................................5- 6
4. ………………………… 6-8

Chapter II. Experimental study

2.1. Components and tools for making soap bubbles8-9 2.2.Recipes for making soap bubbles……………………………9-10

2.3. Experiments with soap bubbles……………………………………10-11

Chapter III. Conclusion ………………………………………………………. 11-12

Literature ……………………………………………………………........ 13

Application ……………………………………………………………........ 14- 22

Introduction

“..A soap bubble is perhaps the most delightful thing

and the most exquisite phenomenon of nature"

Mark Twain.

I've always liked soap bubbles. Blowing and then catching them was one of my favorite pastimes. I once saw a show in which they blew huge bubbles and performed various tricks with them: they inflated them with smoke, took them in their hands, made garlands out of them, placed various objects and even people inside the bubbles!

Is this really possible with ordinary soap bubbles? Can I do such tricks? I used to use store-bought bubble blowing kits and never got bubbles like these. And I decided to do research.

This is how the topic arose my research– “Soap Bubbles”

Relevance This research is that the development of a universal composition of soap bubbles will allow me to bring moments of joy to my friends and family without requiring certain costs.

Purpose of the study: Find out if you can get big and strong soap bubbles yourself at home. Also to develop a universal composition for creating various types of soap bubbles.

Tasks:

1. find out what a soap bubble is and what it consists of;
2. find out what makes soap bubbles big and strong;
3. find a recipe for making large soap bubbles;
4. do tricks with soap bubbles yourself;

I put forward a hypothesis: suppose we can cook

The optimal solution for creating soap bubbles at home.

Object The research included compositions for making soap bubbles and soap bubbles.

Research methods:-analytical method

Experiment

- data synthesis

The research work consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, I studied questions regarding the components and tools necessary to obtain a soap bubble and processed the necessary information. In the practical part, I used experimental research methods, based on the results of which appropriate conclusions were drawn.

Practical ApplicationThis work is possible in lessons about the surrounding world, fine arts, when celebrating Birthday and other children's holidays.

1. THEORETICAL PART

1.1What is a “soap bubble”?

A soap bubble is a ball formed by a thin multilayer film of soapy water and filled with air. Soap bubbles usually exist for a few seconds, and then burst spontaneously upon contact with the surface. Very often children play with soap bubbles.

We all admire bubbles, especially soap bubbles - their perfectly round shape and surface shimmering with different colors.

English physicist Boys was so intrigued by soap bubbles that he wrote a 200-page book: “Soap Bubbles. Their color and the forces that give them shape.”

So why is a soap bubble round? The answer to this question is that surface tension forces tend to give the soap bubble the most compact shape possible. The most compact form in nature is a sphere (not a cube, for example). At spherical shape the air inside the bubble evenly presses on all parts of its inner wall (at least until the bubble bursts). The soap bubble is still there, but it has simply evaporated in the air.

Scientists have calculated that a soap bubble bursts in one thousandth of a second, so in order to see this miracle they needed a camera capable of shooting up to 5000 frames per second. British photographer Richard Hicks managed to get very beautiful photographs of this process.

Hicks' assistant was his wife, Sarah. It was she who blew and then burst this wonderful bubble.

Sarah broke the surface tension of the bubble with her finger and it burst. Meanwhile, Richards was filming with a macro camera.

1.2 History of the soap bubble

On the Internet, I found out who invented soap bubbles. Their story is connected with a man named Pumpatus, who, at his own peril and risk, came up with a way to blow soap bubbles.

People lived for a very long time without soap and finally it was invented, and the king ordered everyone to wash themselves. For disobedience he threatened to carry out the death penalty. Only one old shoemaker named Pumpatus hid in his closet and smoked a pipe, but at one moment foam got into this pipe, and he blew his first soap bubble.

Therefore, they not only did not execute him, but rejoiced and admired how bubbles were blown out of this tube one after another. It was a miracle. Ladies were given bouquets of soap bubbles, halls and palaces were decorated, men wore hats from them, it was wonderful, although short-lived.

It is unknown when the first soap bubble appeared. But even in the fresco paintings that scientists excavated in the ancient city of Pompeii, they found images of children blowing soap bubbles.

1.3 Interesting information about soap bubbles

While studying the issue of soap bubbles, I learned that:

1. A soap bubble shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow because light rays are reflected from the outer and inner surfaces of the film that forms it. This phenomenon is called interference. The color of the bubble changes because the soap film “melts”, i.e. becomes thinner over time.
2. A soap bubble is inflated with warm air from our lungs. And warm air is usually lighter than the air in the room or outside. Therefore, the bubble first flies upward, and then the air in it cools and the bubble descends.
3. Soap bubbles can last quite a long time. English explorer James Dewar stored soap bubbles in special bottles that protected them from dust, drying out and air shock. In such conditions he managed to preserve some bubbles for more than a month!
4. The soap bubble can be frozen. It freezes at a temperature of approximately -7 0C. To freeze, simply place a snowflake on the bubble or carefully lower it onto the snow. In this case, the bubble will not break, and if you press lightly on the ice ball, dents will appear on it.
5. Scientists took soap bubbles very seriously and made many different useful discoveries by studying them. For example:

1. based on the double-walled bottle in which Dewar stored soap bubbles, thermoses and cylinders for transporting gases were invented;
2. observing the freezing of a soap bubble, they figured out how to freeze cells, organs and entire living organisms and use this in medicine;
3. Architects, studying the shape of the surface of a soap bubble - a sphere, figured out how to use it in the construction of buildings.

1.4 Social survey of students in grades 2-4

And the more interesting things I learned, the more I wanted to know how the children of our school feel about soap bubbles.

At the beginning of my research, I conducted a survey among students in grades 2-4, in which 53 people took part.

Three questions were asked.

Diagram 1

Diagram 2

Diagram 3

As can be seen from the survey results, soap bubbles are a favorite pastime for children, which lifts their spirits.A small jar of soap bubbles can easily be bought in a store, which is what some people do. However, it ends quickly, and often they do not have a very good composition, and the expected fireworks of soap bubbles are limited to only a dozen small bubbles.

Some guys breed the compound themselves. They indicated the following as ingredients for the solution:

• water,
• shampoo,
• soap,
• detergents.

However, as it turned out, the recipe for a soap bubble is not as simple as it seems.So I decided to conduct some experiments and find out what makes the best big soap bubbles.

Chapter II. Experimental study

2.1. Components and tools for making soap bubbles

In order to blow a regular soap bubble, you will need water, soap and some kind of tool. But in the production of bubbles top quality has its own secrets.

Components.

Water. Plain tap water will not do. Bubbles from it are fragile due to impurities and salts. The easiest way to cook suitable water at home - boil it thoroughly and let it settle. To prepare the solution, it is better to take warm water - soap dissolves in it faster.

Soap. Not just any soap is suitable for making a good bubble liquid. Sometimes it is prepared without soap at all, using all kinds of liquid and powder detergents. Hand washing liquid or baby shampoo works great. Of all types of soap, it is better to use simple laundry soap.

"Secret Ingredient". How long a soap bubble lives depends on how long it remains wet. It turns out that glycerin is added to the liquid for long-lived soap bubbles for this purpose! It is sold at the pharmacy. Glycerin is a product that slows down the drying time of the bubble, makes its walls stronger and the bubble “lives” longer.

Tools:

To make soap bubbles, people use various materials at hand: cocktail tubes, hollow blades of grass and straws, ballpoint pens, wire rings and much more.

For giant bubbles, use a special loop. A thin rope or cord, 4 times longer than the length of the straw, is threaded and tied through two long and strong straws. The tubes are lowered into the solution closed, slowly pulled apart until the rope is tensioned, and carefully removed. You need to move back, creating a flow of air, or direct this ring perpendicular to the wind so that it blows out bubbles.

2.2. Recipes for making soap bubbles

Recipe for solution No. 1

• 100 ml water,

• 50 ml bath foam,
• 10 ml glycerin,

Recipe for solution No. 2

• 100 ml water,
• 10 ml glycerin.

Recipe for solution No. 3

• 100 ml water,
• 100 ml bath foam,
• 10 ml glycerin.

Recipe for solution No. 4

• 10 ml aqueous solution

Sugar and gelatin

Solution No. 5

• from the store.

2.3. Experiments with soap bubbles

Test 1. Poke with a soapy finger.
On the World Wide Web they write that to check the quality of the composition of soap bubbles, you need to pierce it with your finger, after wetting it with the same soap solution, and if the bubble does not burst, then the composition is considered good.– All 5 soap compositions passed the test.

Test 2. For the lifetime of a soap bubble.

We blew 5 bubbles from 5 compositions- The bubble from the 3rd composition was the first to give up, after a while the bubbles of the 2nd and 4th compositions burst. The 1st and 5th squads showed the best results.

Test 3. Big bubble.

To blow large soap bubbles, we take a regular plastic bottle with a cut bottom.

For each composition, several attempts are made to inflate the largest possible bubble. It is also interesting that, for example, from composition No. 5, which lasted 51 seconds in the previous test, almost the smallest bubbles were obtained. This means that the lifetime of the bubble is not the most important thing. The 1st, 2nd and 4th squads showed the best results.

Results testing soap bubble compositions

Solution no. name of the experience
Poke with a soapy finger
Lifetime - average, in seconds
Big bubble average/sec/			dropped out		dropped out
Results:	1st place	3rd Place	dropped out	2nd place	dropped out

Chapter III. Conclusion

After working on the chosen topic, I confirmed my hypothesis that at home you can create a universal composition for wonderful soap bubbles. However, it must be remembered that in addition to the main substances (soap), you also need to add several components, the main ones of which are water, glycerin, a little sugar, gelatin, and food coloring.

The water for the solution should be soft or, even better, distilled. Heavy water due to its mineral content will cause fragile bubbles that will not last long.

What detergent should I use? On own experience convinced that the best that can be is economic and baby soap

For long-lived blisters, it is recommended to add pure glycerin to the resulting solution, which can be purchased at a pharmacy at a reasonable price. An aqueous solution of sugar with gelatin, which can always be found in any kitchen, also works.

In fact, any cleaning liquid will work for bubbles, but the best results will be obtained using the ingredients described.

Making a soap solution for blowing soap bubbles at home is a completely doable and interesting activity. There are a lot of recipes for a solution for soap bubbles, but all authors note that the quality of bubbles is strongly influenced by many external factors: air humidity, temperature, season, dust, wind, quality of soap, etc. Therefore, there are no exact proportions of an ideal solution. The only way to make a good solution is through your own trial and error.

In our experience, the soap solution according to the first recipe showed the best results. You can do tricks with soap bubbles yourself at home! And it's very exciting.

You can blow a giant soap bubble yourself after some training and explanation from adults. But such a bubble does not always result. It may be necessary to make changes to the composition recipe. And it’s worth repeating this experiment outdoors in the summer with the help of the wind.

Blowing soap bubbles lifts our mood, we forget all our problems, and our lungs are well developed. All this has a beneficial effect on health.

The study of soap bubbles is very interesting activity. Perhaps I will continue this work in high school, when we study physics, and the secrets of the soap bubble will be revealed on the other side.

Literature

Geguzin Ya. E. Bubbles: Science, 1985.

Varlamov S. Experiments with soap film / S. Varlamov // Quantum. - 2006. - No. 3, p. 37-38.

Titus Tom. Scientific fun: interesting experiments, homemade products, entertainment / Tit Tom - M.: Meshcheryakov Publishing House, 2008. - 224s.

Sklyarevsky E. Soap bubble as a mystery of science.

Internet resources:

• http://ru.wikipedia.org/

• http://bubblesmile.narod.ru/recept.htm "Site about soap bubbles"

• Big soap bubbles. Little experiments by bubble lovers. Fun-bubbles.narod.ru
• Soap bubbles in the cold. Article from the electronic library of the international public organization “Science and Technology”http://n-t.ru/tp/nr/mp.htm
• Soap bubbles in painting. Blog archive Japan fan club.http://japanblog.su/post164242869/

Appendix 1

Social survey of students in grades 2-4

Do you like blowing soap bubbles? Diagram 1

Do soap bubbles lift your spirits? Diagram 2

What solution do you use to blow soap bubbles?

Diagram 3

Recipes for making soap bubbles,

used in research work

Recipe for solution No. 1

• 100 ml water,
• 50 ml dishwashing detergent,

• 50 ml bath foam,
• 10 ml glycerin,
• 10 ml of an aqueous solution of sugar and gelatin.

Recipe for solution No. 2

• 100 ml water,
• 100 ml dishwashing detergent,
• 10 ml glycerin.

Recipe for solution No. 3

• 100 ml water,
• 100 ml bath foam,
• 10 ml glycerin.

Recipe for solution No. 4

• 10 ml aqueous solution

Sugar and gelatin

• 100 ml dishwashing detergent.

Solution No. 5

• from the store.

Table 1

Big bubble

average/sec/

dropped out

dropped out

Results:

1st place

3rd

Place

dropped out

2nd

place

dropped out

Appendix 2

Photo report

on the experimental part

Experiment No. 1
Preparing 5 soap compositions for bubbles.

Experiment No. 2

Test 1. Poke with a soapy finger

Experiment No. 3

Test 2. For the life of a soap bubble.

Experiment No. 4

Test 3. Big bubble.

Social survey of students in grades 2-4

2 "B" class

4 "B" class

3 "A" class

3 "B" class

Soloviev Grigory

There was so much sparkle in him,
There was such arrogance
And he - water and soap
Bloated mixture.

Soap bubble - the design is very stable. If we remember that it building material is mainly water - the stability of a soap bubble cannot but amaze. What gives such stability to a bubble made from the thinnest liquid film? Extreme simplicity and perfection of form? Obviously this too! So-called “architectural excesses,” if they really are “excesses,” usually do not contribute to the improvement and reliability of the design. But there is no simpler, more majestic and more perfect form than a sphere! But the matter is clearly not only in the form: a stable bubble cannot be obtained from pure water, but a thin, stable, multi-colored bubble is formed from water with the addition of soap.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Khakassia

Municipal educational institution Novorossiysk secondary school

Scientific and practical conference

The Mystery of the Soap Bubble

Work completed:

Soloviev G.

Scientific supervisor:

Sidorina S.N.

Primary school teacher

Novorossiysk 2010

• 1 Structure of the wall of a soap bubble
• 2 Physical basis

• 2.1 Surface tension and shape
• 2.2 Freezing of bubbles
• 2.3 Bubble merging
• 2.4 Interference and reflections

• 3 Mathematical properties
• 4 How to make soap bubbles

• 4.1 Components
• 4.2 Procedure
• 4.3 Giant soap bubbles

• 5 Experimental part

Introduction

There was so much sparkle in him,
There was such arrogance
And he - water and soap
Bloated mixture.

Samuel Marshak "Soap Bubbles"

1. Analyze scientific literature on the problem of soap bubble formation
2. Identify the components for a more sustainable soap bubble.
3. Check what determines the size of a soap bubble and its durability.

Bubble

Bubble - thin multilayerfilmsoapywater filled with air, usually in the formspheres with iridescent surface. Soap bubbles usually last only a few seconds and burst when touched or spontaneously. Children often use them in their games.

Soap bubble wall structure

The bubble film consists of a thin layer of water sandwiched between two layers of molecules, most often soap. These layers contain molecules, one part of which ishydrophilic, and the other hydrophobic. The hydrophilic part is attracted thin layer water, while hydrophobic, on the contrary, is pushed out. As a result, layers are formed that protect water from rapid evaporation and also reducesurface tension.

Physical Basics

Surface tension and shape

A bubble exists because the surface of any liquid (in in this case water) has some surface tension, which makes the surface behave like somethingelastic. However, a bubble made only of water is unstable and will burst quickly. In order to stabilize its condition, somesurfactants, for example, soap. A common misconception is that soap increases the surface tension of water. In fact, it does just the opposite, reducing the surface tension to about a third of the surface tension of pure water. As the soap film stretches, the concentration of soap molecules on the surface decreases, thereby increasing surface tension. Thus, the soap selectively strengthens the weak areas of the bubble, preventing them from stretching further. In addition to this, soap prevents water from evaporating, thereby making the bubble's lifespan even longer.

The spherical shape of the bubble is also obtained due to surface tension. Tensional forces form a sphere because a sphere has the smallest surface area for a given volume. This shape can be significantly distorted by air currents and the process of inflating the bubble itself. However, if the bubble is left to float in calm air, its shape will very soon become close to spherical.

Freezing bubbles

Soap bubbles connection

If you blow a bubble attemperature −15 °C, it will freeze upon contact with the surface. The air inside the bubble will gradually seep out and eventually the bubble will collapse under its own weight.

At −25°C, bubbles freeze in the air and can break when they hit the ground. If you inflate a bubble with warm air at this temperature, it will freeze in an almost ideal spherical shape, but as the air cools and decreases in volume, the bubble may partially collapse and its shape will be distorted. Bubbles blown at this temperature will always be small, as they will freeze quickly, and if you continue to blow them, they will burst.

Bubble merging

When two bubbles connect, they take on a shape with the smallest possible surface area. Their common wall will bulge inside the larger bubble, since the smaller bubble has a largeraverage curvatureand greater internal pressure. If the bubbles are the same size, their overall wall will be flat.

The rules that bubbles obey when connecting have been experimentally established in19th centuryBelgian physicistJoseph Plateauand proven mathematically in1976Jean Taylor.

• Soap films are piecewisesmooth surfaces, average curvaturewhich is constant on every smooth section.
• If there are more than three bubbles, they will be located in such a way that only three walls can connect near one edge, and the angles between them will be equal to 120°, due to the equality of surface tension for each contacting surface.
• The lines of intersection of the surfaces intersect at one point, four at a time, and the angle between any two is equal to arccos(-1/3)≈109.47°.

Bubbles that do not obey these rules can, in principle, form, but will be highly unstable and will quickly become correct form or will collapse.Beeswho seek to reduce consumptionwax, connect honeycomb V hivesalso at an angle of 120°, thereby formingregular hexagons.

Interference and reflections

Reflection of clouds in a soap bubble

Iridescent "rainbow"colorssoap bubbles are produced byinterference of light wavesand are determined by the thickness of the soap film.

When lightpasses through the thin film of the bubble, part of it is reflected from the outer surface, while the other part penetrates the film and is reflected from the inner surface. The color of the radiation observed in the reflection is determined by the interference of these two reflections. Since each passage of light through the film creates a phase shift proportional to the thickness of the film and inversely proportional to the wavelength, the result of interference depends on two quantities. When reflected, some waves are added in phase, while others are in antiphase, and as a result, white light colliding with the film is reflected with a hue depending on the thickness of the film.

As the film becomes thinner due to water evaporation, a change in the color of the bubble can be observed. A thicker film removes the red component from white light, thereby making the reflected light blue-green. A thinner film removes yellow (leaving blue light), then green (leaving magenta), and then blue (leaving golden yellow). Eventually, the wall of the bubble becomes thinner than the wavelength of visible light, all the reflected waves of visible light add up in antiphase and we stop seeing the reflection completely (against a dark background, this part of the bubble looks like a “black spot”). When this happens, the bubble wall thickness is less than 25nanometers, and the bubble will most likely burst soon.

The interference effect also depends on the angle at which the light beam hits the bubble film. Thus, even if the wall thickness were the same everywhere, we would still observe different colors due to the movement of the bubble. But the thickness of the bubble is constantly changing due to gravity, which pulls the liquid to the bottom so that we usually see streaks of different colors moving from top to bottom.

Mathematical properties

Soap bubbles formfoam

Soap bubbles are also physical illustration problemsminimum surface, a complex mathematical problem. For example, although it has been known since 1884 that a soap bubble has a minimum surface area for a given volume, it was not until 2000 that it was proventhat two combined bubbles also have a minimum surface area for a given combined volume. This problem was called the double bubble theorem. Also, only with the advent of the geometric theory of measure it was possible to prove that the optimal surface will bepiecewise smooth, and not endlessly broken.

The film of a soap bubble always strives to minimize its surface area. This is due to the fact thatfree energyliquid film is proportional to its surface area and tends to achieve a minimum:

where σ is the surface tension of the substance, and S - total surface area of ​​the film. The optimal shape for a single bubble is a sphere, but several bubbles combined together have a much more complex shape.

How to make soap bubbles

Bubble

The easiest way is to use a special bubble liquid (sold as a toy) or simply mix dishwashing detergent with water. But the last method may not give such good results what you would like to get, so here are a few techniques to help improve the result:

Components

• Something that reduces the surface tension of water, e.g. liquid soap or baby shampoo. The purer the soap (without perfume or other additives), the better the result you can get.
• Something to thicken the water. Most commonly usedglycerol(which can be purchased atpharmacy). You can also use sugar, which is best dissolved in warm water. However, the density of the water can become too high, so moderation is important.
• Distilled water. Tap water contains calcium ions that bind to soap. Distilled water works better.

Procedure

• If you leave the mixture open for several hours, its density will also become higher. But again, if it gets too high, it will be difficult to blow bubbles.
• It's best to avoid bubbles or foam on the surface of the mixture by gently removing them or simply waiting for them to disappear.
• How easy it is to make bubbles depends on many different factors. Different soaps, different environmental conditions, for example, it is better to avoid dusty air or wind. Also, the higher the humidity, the better, which means it's better to make bubbles on a rainy day. In other words, best way Finding the perfect solution is a matter of trial and error.

How to blow giant soap bubbles

1. First we will make a soap solution. We will need:

Some kind of container.

Water (1 l.).

Detergent (eg Fairy) or shower gel (eg Palmolive) (150-200 ml).

A little glycerin, which can be bought in pharmacies (25 ml.).

(Optional) Personal lubricant, non-oil based, also available from pharmacies (25 ml).

Two sticks of any size, but to be specific, let them be 30 cm.

Cotton rope, about 50 cm.

2. For long-lasting bubbles, the water must be soft; it is better if it is distilled.

3. Heat the water and pour it into your container. As a container, it is better to use one that has a wide lid so that our inflatable device can be lowered there freely. If you use a glass container, remember that hot water you need to pour it into it gradually, warming up the walls of the vessel, otherwise it will burst.

4. How easy it will be to blow bubbles depends on many parameters, in particular, the air humidity in the area where you live. Therefore, if you want to achieve the ideal composition, pour the shower gel into the water in several portions, each time checking whether your solution has improved. If you are impatient, you can mix 150 ml at once. gel with water, bubbles can be inflated even with an imperfect composition.

5. Add 25 ml to the solution. glycerin and 25 ml. lubricant (you can do without lubricant) and stir everything thoroughly. Make sure that no foam forms when stirring. If it does appear, you can remove it with a spoon.

6. Test the solution by blowing a bubble through a tube. Don't worry if the bubbles are still normal. The secret to huge bubbles isn't just the soap solution recipe. Feel free to add gel or other ingredients if you want to experiment.

7. Now you need to make an inflatable device. It consists of two sticks, between which a rope is tied so that it forms a triangle.

8. It is best to blow bubbles outside in calm weather (or with a weak breeze). Lower the inflator into the solution, then lift it up and begin to move back. The resulting air flow will inflate the bubble. Have fun, and feel free to experiment!

Experimental part I. - Preparation of the solution As a result of the experiment, it was found that the most durable and elastic films are obtained from a mixture of laundry soap, sugar and gelatin (replacing glycerin); “Fairy” and “Fa” detergents (with the addition of glycerin) also showed good results. The concentration of the detergent depends on room humidity, temperature and many other factors. The results of the experiment are presented in the table Detergent Addition Soap concentration, % Average diameter of a soap bubble, cm laundry soap 1/4 part sugar with gelatin 20 11-12 "glycerin" soap - 27 7 "Fairy" - 12 10 "Fa" 1/3 glycerin 37 8 For the experiments we used distilled water (heavy water due to its mineral content will cause fragile bubbles). II. - Wire frames When immersing three-dimensional frames in a soap solution, amazingly shaped films are obtained. In the case of a cube, tetrahedron, cylinder and many other shapes, the films are attached to the edges and converge inside. The area of ​​the films stretched over the frame is always minimal, because this corresponds to a minimum surface energy. Using frames you can visually solve some geometric and architectural problems. When designing buildings, model roofs are made in the form of frames. The calculation is verified using soap films that are formed on these frames. Prerequisite to obtain soap films - closed frame. In order for a soap film to form on the spiral, it is necessary to connect the first and last turns with an axis. The axis does not have to run through the center; its task is to close the frame. The screw frame can be made better, so that it is possible to bring the spiral turns closer together and apart. Several bubbles inside each other First we blow a big bubble. Then, having soaked a cocktail tube in a soapy solution and pierced a large bubble, we slowly pull the tube back, without, however, bringing it to the edge, and blow out the second bubble contained in the first. To prevent bubbles from bursting upon contact with your hand, you must first moisten it in a soap solution. Figurine in a bubble Pour enough soap solution into a plate or tray so that the bottom of the plate is covered with a layer 2-3 mm high; We place the figurine in the middle and cover it with a funnel. Then, slowly raising the funnel, we blow into its narrow tube - a soap bubble is formed; when this bubble reaches sufficient size, tilt the funnel as shown, releasing the bubble from under it. Then the figurine will be lying under a transparent semicircular cap made of soap film. Bubble on a non-wettable surface A necessary condition for obtaining soap films is the closedness of the frame. A soap bubble, in contact with a hard, non-wettable surface, does not collapse. On such a surface it has a spherical shape because the mass of the bubble is extremely small and gravity does not affect its shape.

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Slide captions:

The mystery of the soap bubble Completed by: Grisha Soloviev 4th grade student

There was so much shine in him, There was such arrogance, And he was water and soap, a bloated mixture. Samuel Marshak "Soap Bubbles"

The goal of the work is to reveal the secret of the soap bubble. Objectives: Analyze scientific literature on the problem of soap bubble formation. Identify components for a more sustainable soap bubble. Check what determines the size of a soap bubble and its durability.

Detergent Addition Soap concentration, % Average diameter of a soap bubble, cm laundry soap 1/4 part sugar with gelatin 20 11-12 "glycerin" soap - 27 7 "Fairy" - 12 10 "Fa" + 1/3 glycerin 37 8