Mnemonic tables in the speech development of dow. Mnemonics - as a pedagogical technology in the speech development of preschool children. consultation on speech development on the topic. List of bibliographic literature

Orlova Elena
The use of mnemonics in the development of speech in preschool children

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topic: “The use of mnemonics in the development of speech in preschool children.”

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goal: to familiarize teachers with the method of mnemonics as a way of developing speech, memory and thinking of preschoolers, ensuring effective memorization, preservation and reproduction of information.

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The modern world is full of the latest technologies.

Children live in a powerful flow of information, where live communication is replaced by communication with a computer and TV, tablet or phone.

Therefore, speech development is becoming an increasingly pressing problem.

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The main problem areas in the development of children's speech:

Monosyllabic speech consisting only of simple sentences;

Inability to construct a common sentence grammatically correctly;

Poverty of speech;

Insufficient vocabulary;

Use of non-literary words and expressions;

Poor dialogical speech: inability to formulate a question competently and clearly, to construct a short or detailed answer;

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Difficulties in constructing a monologue: for example, a plot or descriptive story on a proposed topic, retelling the text in your own words;

Lack of logical justification for your statements and conclusions;

Lack of speech culture skills: inability to use intonation, regulate voice volume and speech rate;

Poor diction.

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The main objectives of work on the development of speech of children in preschool educational institutions are:

Formation of oral speech and verbal communication skills with others based on mastery of the literary language of one’s people.

Education of sound culture of speech.

Development of children's vocabulary.

Formation of its grammatical structure.

Development of coherent speech.

K. D. Ushinsky pointed out in his works that the main goal in the development of speech is to teach the child to correctly express his thoughts and develop his thinking abilities.

It is necessary to teach children to independently acquire knowledge about surrounding objects and to develop their ability to observe.

In connection with this, K. D. Ushinsky recommended using various methods development of speech and thinking, including observation, looking at pictures, telling stories based on pictures. This opinion was shared by S. L. Rubeyshtein, A. M. Leushina, L. V. Elkonina. They believed that one of the factors facilitating the process of developing coherent speech is visibility.

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K. D. Ushinsky wrote: “Teach a child some five words unknown to him - he will suffer for a long time and in vain, but connect twenty such words with pictures, and he will learn them on the fly.”

Since visual material is better absorbed by preschoolers, the use of mnemonics allows children to more effectively perceive and process visual information.

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Preschool childhood is a special period in personality development. During this period, memory is faster than other abilities in terms of development. Children ask a lot of questions; they desperately need new information: the brain requires food. The child must be helped to remember, he must be taught to control the correctness of memorization.

So what is mnemonics?

Rhetoric teacher and poet Simonides became the founder of a new method of memorization - topological mnemonics, according to which, to memorize a large amount of material, it is enough to place it in a familiar space (for example, your own apartment) and retrieve (find) it as needed.

Simonides' teaching consisted of two important concepts - association and background.

Association is a mental connection between two objects, background is something that you know well down to the smallest detail. Then, in order to remember many facts, you need to connect (associate) them with what is familiar to you.

The Simonidean method was widely used by Cicero, who delivered his speech while walking from room to room. Speaking to the public, he mentally walked the same path, collecting facts and sayings “scattered” along the way.

Subsequently, the mnemonic was forgotten for many years. However, the increased amount of information and the need to remember a lot and for a long time revived interest in this area of practical psychology.

Currently, many methods of rational memorization have been created, but their essence is still the same - first, a supporting row is memorized (the background to which the associations are selected.

Here are a few well-known mnemonic phrases or words. Of course, everyone knows well from childhood the phrase that sets the order of the colors of the spectrum: “Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits.” Or similar to it “How Once Jacques the City Bell Beller Broke the Lantern.” The initial letters of the words in these sentences give the names of the colors: red, orange, yellow, and so on.

When I was at school, we studied well-known cases. So our teacher, to make it easier for us, taught us this funny phrase

“Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl, Ordered to Drag the Diaper” was an excellent tool for memorizing the order of cases in the Russian language: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative. We had a lot of fun! But I still remember this phrase.

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So, the words “mnemonics” and “mnemonics” mean the same thing - a memorization technique. They come from the Greek “mnemonikon” - the art of memorization.

Mnemonics (Greek - the art of memorization, mnemonics - a set of special techniques and methods that facilitate the memorization of necessary information and increase memory capacity by forming associations (connections).

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Mnemonics is a system of “internal writing” based on direct

recording in the brain connections between visual images denoting significant elements of memorized information.

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Mnemonic memorization consists of four stages:

Encoding into images

Memorization (connecting two images)

Memorizing a sequence

Consolidation in memory

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Mnemonics helps develop:

Coherent speech

Imagination

Visual and auditory attention

Lexicon

Visual and auditory memory

Associative thinking

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Like any work, mnemonics is built from simple to complex. It is necessary to start working with the simplest mnemonic squares, sequentially move on to mnemonic tracks, and later to mnemonic tables.

Mnemonics consists of:

Mnemonic squares

Mnemonic tracks

Mnemotable

Mnemonic square– this is a separate schematic drawing with certain information

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Mnemonic track– this is a table of 4 or more cells arranged linearly

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Mnemonic table is a scheme that contains certain information. The essence of the mnemonic diagram is as follows: for each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is created; Thus, the entire text is sketched out schematically, looking at these diagrams - drawings, the child easily remembers the information. You can start practicing mnemonics with early age, but it is rational to introduce it into classes from the age of 4-5, when the basic vocabulary has been accumulated.

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For younger and middle children before school age it is necessary to give colored mnemonic tables, because children retain individual images in their memory: chicken - yellow color, the mouse is gray, the Christmas tree is green, the berry is red, and “hide” the character in the graphic image.

For example: fox - consists of geometric shapes(triangle and circle). Bear - big brown circle, etc.

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For older children, it is advisable to draw diagrams in one color so as not to distract attention from the brightness of symbolic images.

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Work on mnemonic tables consists of three stages.

Stage 1: Examination of the table and analysis of what is shown on it.

Stage 2: Information is recoded, i.e., converted from abstract symbols to images.

Stage 3: After recoding, a retelling of a fairy tale or a story on a given topic is carried out.

IN junior groups with the help of a teacher; in older children, children should be able to do it independently.

Mnemonic tables can be used:

To enrich vocabulary;

When learning to write stories;

When retelling fiction;

When guessing and making riddles;

When memorizing poetry.

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Mnemonic tables are especially effective when learning poems.

The bottom line is this: for each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is created; Thus, the entire poem is sketched schematically. After this, the child reproduces the entire poem from memory, using a graphic image. At the initial stage, the adult offers a ready-made plan - a diagram, and as the child learns, he is also actively involved in the process of creating his own

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When retelling with the help of mnemonic tables, children see all the characters, and concentrate their attention on the correct construction of sentences and on reproducing the necessary expressions in their speech.

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When asking riddles

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Writing a story about spring

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Results of working with mnemonics in children:

The circle of knowledge about the world around us is expanding;

There is a desire to retell texts, come up with interesting

There is an interest in learning poems and nursery rhymes, tongue twisters,

Vocabulary reaches a higher level;

Children overcome timidity, shyness, learn to hold themselves freely

in front of the audience.

I believe that the sooner we teach children to tell or retell using the method of mnemonics and diagrams - models, the better we will prepare them for school, since coherent speech is an important indicator of a child’s mental abilities and his readiness for school.

Workshop. Involving listeners in the course of the master class.

Exchange of ideas. Figurative interpretation.

During the workshop, all participants were divided into four creative groups. Each creative group was given the following task:

1. Drawing up a mnemonic table and a descriptive story according to lexical topic"Spring" using mnemonic frames.

2. Compiling a mnemonic table based on the text of the fairy tale “Teremok”, observing the sequence of plot development.

3. Drawing up a mnemonic table for memorizing a poem based on the proposed text:

Martin

The grass is turning green

The sun is shining;

Swallow with spring

It flies towards us in the canopy.

With her the sun is more beautiful

And spring is sweeter.

Chirp out of the way

Greetings to us soon!

I'll give you some grains;

And you sing a song

What from distant countries

I brought it with me.

Alexey Pleshcheev

Easter. Festive all around.

The house sparkles with cleanliness.

Willows on the table and Easter.

So light and so beautiful!

Dyed eggs everywhere

And the Easter cake is on the platter.

Mom in a chintz apron

Invites everyone to sit down

And taste the treat

In honor of Christ's resurrection.

Galina Antipina

4. Making mnemonic tracks for riddles

The brave ones swam in the sky

White bear cubs.

A grimy bear came running,

I started washing my face right away

Washed the field, roofs, forest,

Unwashed himself disappeared

(Clouds and thundercloud)

The sun is playing and the birds are chirping,

Table decoration - red. (testicles)

Artistic reflection was a performance by creative groups.

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Thank you for your attention!

Small children of preschool age have to master and remember a huge amount of new information. In some cases, this can be very difficult, since preschool children usually do not yet know how to read and write.

Recently, mnemonic techniques have been used to develop memory and perception in children of preschool and early school age. This method training can be used both in a child care institution and in the process of home studies between mother and child. In this article we will tell you what mnemonics for preschoolers are and provide several tables that can be used for the development and education of boys and girls.

What is mnemonics?

The principle of mnemonics is to use various tables, diagrams, poems and special cards. Since children of preschool and early school age have very highly developed spatial-imaginative thinking and perception, they easily remember all kinds of images and build connections between them.

In particular, the following popular techniques can be used during mnemonic training:

The child is shown a picture that depicts several bright objects that differ from each other in color, shape, size and other characteristics. Having carefully examined the drawing, the child must come up with a story about what is depicted on it, while focusing on distinctive features, existing between different objects. This technique contributes very well to the development of imagination in children of preschool and early school age.

To develop memory in preschoolers with the help of mnemonics, special tables with poems are used, on which each line of the poem has its own image.

Logical thinking training can be done different ways. In particular, the child can be asked to sort cards with professions and objects used by their representatives into pairs or piles.
For schoolchildren who work well with ready-made tables for mnemonics, the reverse technique can be used. In this case, the child is asked to read the story and then independently illustrate it with simple pictures.
Finally, mnemonics can be used to master the multiplication tables. In this case, learning is carried out in a playful form, which is very popular with older preschoolers and elementary school students, so memorization is quick and easy.

Rules for classes using mnemonic tables

In order for mnemonics classes to bear fruit, during their organization it is necessary to follow certain rules and recommendations, namely:

Regardless of the child’s age, one should start with simple mnemonic squares, and only after successfully mastering them move on to more complex mnemonic chains.
Diagrams and tables for mnemonics should be bright and colorful. Otherwise, they will not interest the preschooler.
The number of squares on one diagram or table used to teach a preschool child should not exceed 9.
Even with older children, you should not use more than 2 different mnemonic tables per day. Repeated consideration of each of them is possible only at the request of the child.
The topic of classes must be changed daily. So, in particular, on the first day, tables can be used to practice mnemonics with preschoolers on the topic “autumn”, on the second - on a musical topic, on the third - on the topic of famous fairy tales, on the fourth - on the topic of the winter season, and so on.

Try, for at least a couple of minutes, to imagine a situation where you receive huge amounts of new information that you need to remember, but you cannot connect it with your previous life experiences. Did frost run through your skin? But your baby finds himself in such a situation EVERY day... And then mnemonics come to his aid.

The essence of mnemonics

Visualization uses both hemispheres of the brain, so memorization is more effective

Mnemonics is a set of methods and techniques that allow you to visualize information to facilitate perception and subsequent reproduction. That is, these are a kind of notes in pictures. You should start classes using mnemonic techniques as early as possible, since in children of preschool and primary school age the leading type of memory is visual-figurative. That is, you can repeat a poem to a toddler a hundred times, but he will still confuse words and sentences. However, by drawing a plot or presenting a mixed diagram of pictures, signs and words, the baby will quickly figure out what’s what. In addition, mnemonics help:

remember the sequence of actions (for example, what to wear before going out);
get used to the daily routine (by marking routine moments on the clock, you can easily teach your child to perform this or that action at the appointed time);
understand the basics of reading (pictures or symbols can be accompanied by words, letters, which causes the child to create an associative connection between the concept and the letter image);
increase attentiveness (diagrams and tables require concentrated consideration to fully understand certain actions);
develop imaginative thinking (visuality helps to find connections between image and word).

Types of visibility

Most children's books are created using mnemonic elements.

The simplest type of mnemonic technique is a picture. For example, your baby goes to kindergarten to the group "Plum". There is a picture of this fruit on his cabinet, his towel hangs above the washbasin under a picture of a plum, etc. Thus, the child remembers that his things are those that are under a certain picture.

Mnemonic square

The most famous mnemonic square, which is familiar to everyone, is the signs of the zodiac

The next stage in the use of mnemonic techniques is mnemonic square. This is a clear picture depicting one word, phrase or short sentence.

Mnemonic track

The child’s task when using a mnemonic track is to find something in common between the pictures.

After mastering the mnemonic square, there is a mnemonic track - four pictures on one square, indicating a sequence of actions. For example, “socks”, “pants”, “shoes”, “jacket” - the sequence in which children get ready to go outside. Of course, depending on the time of year, the path will lengthen.

Tables

With the help of a mnemonic table, memorizing poems goes faster

Further, the types of visualization become more complex. These are, first of all, mnemonic tables - drawings of the main parts of the plot of a fairy tale or poem using color pictures, letters, words or schematic signs. By the way, to make it easier and more interesting for your child to master the tables, try drawing them together. Just make sure that the child does this for fun, otherwise there will be no point. The tables use clear and well-known images. So, to describe animals, you must respect the proportions of the drawing, and also be sure to make it in color. Then the child will clearly understand: the fox is red with a fluffy tail, the wolf is gray, etc. Using mnemonic tables, you can reproduce entire stories, and to develop the imagination of the little ones, you can also invite them to invent their own.

Mnemonic diagrams

Schemes for the little ones can be made on flannelgraph

So that the baby remembers proverbs or some idioms, mnemonic diagrams are used. They depict objects that are supplemented with conventional symbols. For example, a fishing rod - a pond - a crossed out fish. This is a diagram for the expression: “You can’t pull a fish out of the pond without effort.”

For adults who cannot boast of a good memory, there is a special technique in mnemonics - the “Roman room”. Its essence is as follows: those objects that need to be remembered are assigned specific places in your room. To remember the right word, you need to “take it out” of the room.

Visualization techniques

When memorizing poems, each line is depicted with pictures.

Mnemonics techniques are based on the use of certain types of memorization . Of course, the most effective way to use any technology for raising and developing a child is through play. And mnemonics in this sense are a real storehouse of ideas.

"Get a group together." The child is given separate pictures (for example, symbols of the seasons, clothes, types of activities) - he needs to group the pictures and explain why they are together.
“Draw your impressions.” This technique perfectly expands the baby's vocabulary. And, by the way, it forms family traditions. Invite your little one to sketch their impressions of the day together, so that later they can tell what was good and bad about it. Each time, try to add one or more concepts and words that are new to your child.
"Learn a poem." To make it easier to memorize poems, use visual tables in which each line is presented in the form of a picture or symbol. Try to always supplement the image with a word (if the baby can read) or a letter (if the child has not yet mastered this skill).
"Memory Grid". Show your child the pictures, say what they are and turn them over. The child’s task is to name the depicted object, and then test himself by opening the mnemonic picture.
"Stories with pictures." On the Internet you can find a lot of children's stories in which words are partially replaced by pictures. This way, the baby not only learns new words, but also develops the ability to focus on reading.
"Photo memory". Show the child a picture, then remove it and give in return another one that differs from the first in some detail. For example, the first one shows a girl with a red bow, and the second one shows the same girl, but the bow is blue.
"Day Night". Place a series of pictures in front of your child. Then say, “Night has come.” The baby covers his eyes with his hands, and at this time you hide one picture. The child’s task is to guess what is missing.

There are several methods of working with children over one year old whose speech is just beginning to develop.

Tactile games. This mnemonic technique is intended for the smallest toddlers who do not yet speak. Its essence lies in the fact that pictures are replaced with objects. For example, to get acquainted with different round objects, put a pebble of a suitable shape, a tennis ball, a cap from a bottle or tube of cream, etc. in a bag. Ask your baby to take this or that object out of the bag by touch.
Sound lotto. Play sounds for your child to match the pictures to. For example, “Who talks like this”: listen to the meow of a cat, the roar of a lion and ask the child to show a picture of the animal.
Flannelograph. Cover the magnetic board with fabric and purchase a set of pictures with magnets (you can make them yourself by gluing a magnet to back side Images). Tell your baby stories, pausing at certain parts. The little one’s task is to choose a suitable picture depicting the object you settled on and attach it to the flannelgraph.

Rules for using mnemonic techniques

You both need to be in the right mood to work with your baby.

As you know, children quickly lose interest in one activity or another. But mnemonics requires regular practice. Therefore, try to adhere to the following rules so that your baby does not get bored:

offer to play only when the child is not hungry and does not want to sleep;
do not interrupt the little one if he is already busy with something - it is better to wait for a more convenient opportunity;
make classes traditional, preferably at the same time;
do not rush the child, give him time to comprehend the task;
help find a solution if you see that your child has stalled or is going in the wrong direction.

Video: Roman Room Method for Adults

Video: Chain method

Mnemonics are one way to play productively with your baby. Besides kindergarten, visualization techniques are actively used in lessons in primary school. Therefore, it will be better if the child gets acquainted with this technique from early childhood. Then large volumes information will definitely not cause confusion and horror in him. And everything new will be associated with the pleasure of the game and will be remembered faster.

Natalya Baynova
The use of mnemonic tables in the development of speech in preschool children

Knowledge of your native language is not only the ability to construct sentences correctly, but also the ability to tell, describe an object, event, phenomenon. Such a story must consist of a number of sentences and characterize the essential aspects and properties of the object being described; the events must be consistent and logically related to each other, that is, the child’s speech must be coherent.

The purpose of the teacher’s work is speech development of preschool children is the formation of the child’s initial communicative competence. The implementation of this goal assumes that by the end preschool age speech becomes a universal means of communication between a child and others people: senior preschooler can communicate with different people age, gender, social status. This presupposes fluency in the language at the oral level speeches, the ability to focus on the characteristics of the interlocutor in the process communication: select content and speech forms that are adequate to his perception. According to the Federal State Educational Standard preschool education(FSES DO): "speech development includes mastery of speech as a means of communication and culture; enrichment of the active vocabulary; communication development, grammatically correct dialogical and monological speeches; development of speech creativity; development sound and intonation culture speeches, phonemic hearing; acquaintance with book culture, children's literature, listening comprehension of texts of various genres of children's literature; formation of sound analytical-synthetic activity as a prerequisite for learning to read and write.”

Children master their native language through speech activity, through perception speech and speaking. This is why it is so important to create conditions for well-connected speech activity children, for communication, for expressing your thoughts.

What is it for? mnemonics for preschoolers?

Relevance mnemonics for preschoolers is due to the fact that's exactly what it's about age in children visual-figurative memory predominates. Most often, memorization occurs involuntarily, simply because some object or phenomenon came into the child’s field of vision. If he tries to learn and remember something that is not supported by a visual picture, something abstract, then he should not count on success. Mnemonics for preschoolers just helps simplify the memorization process, develop associative thinking and imagination, increase attentiveness. Moreover, techniques mnemonics as a result of competent work of the teacher lead to the enrichment of vocabulary and the formation of coherent speeches.

Mnemonics translated from Greek - the art of memorization, technology memory development.

Mnemonics and kinesiology(the science of development brain through certain hand movements) were used by Aristotle and Hippocrates.

K. D. Ushinsky wrote: “Teach a child some five words unknown to him - he will suffer for a long time and in vain, but associate twenty such words with pictures, and he will learn them on the fly.”

Method mnemonic table helps to effectively perceive and reproduce received information.

As practice has shown, this technique makes it much easier for children to find and memorize words, sentences and texts.

How to use mnemonics in kindergarten?

Methodology mnemonics- a simple technique for speech development, facilitating memorization and implemented through using mnemonic tables and graphic drawings. A mnemonic table is a diagram, which contains certain information. For each word or phrase, a picture is created and the entire text is sketched out. Any story, fairy tale, proverb, poem can be "write down", using pictures or symbols. Looking at these diagrams, the child reproduces the information received.

Mastering techniques for working with mnemonic tables significantly reduces training time and simultaneously solves the following tasks:

1. Speech development and vocabulary replenishment.

2. Converting images into symbols.

3. Memory development, attention and creative thinking.

4. Development fine motor skills .

5. Development creativity, fantasies.

Mnemotables:

Are didactic material By speech development;

They can use to expand your vocabulary and speech development;

use when learning to retell and compose stories, when asking riddles, when memorizing proverbs, sayings, and poems.

Working with such tables is based on the principle "from simple to complex":

1. Examination of tables and analysis of the symbols depicted on it.

2. Converting symbols into images.

3. Retelling using symbols.

First, children are offered simple mnemonic tables, built on the image of the sequence of processes of washing, washing hands, dressing, and setting the table. To a small child It is difficult to remember the entire algorithm of actions invented by adults, so visual pictures, deciphered in class and independently retold, will allow the child, for example, each time approaching a locker with things, to easily reproduce the stages of dressing.

Then mnemonic tables complicate.

It is very convenient to use the method mnemonic table when writing descriptive stories. A descriptive story is the most difficult type in a monologue. speeches. Children do not have the knowledge that they acquire throughout life. To describe an object, it must be realized, and awareness is analysis. Which is very difficult for a child. Here it is important to teach the child to first identify the characteristics of an object.

3. Magnitude.

4. What does it consist of (parts?

5. What material is the toy made of?

6. How can you play with this toy?

Learning poems using mnemonic table

Mnemotables are especially effective when learning poems. The point is next: for each word or small phrase, a picture is invented (image, thus, the entire poem is sketched out schematically. After this, the child, from memory, using graphic image, reproduces the entire poem. Algorithm:

1. Expressive reading of a poem to adults.

2. Repeated reading of the poem based on mnemonic table with installation that this poem will be learned by heart.

3. Content questions poems:

4. Explanation of the meaning of unclear words in a form accessible to the child.

5. Reading each line of the poem separately by an adult and repeating it by a child based on mnemonic table.

6. A child telling a poem based on mnemonic table.

Retelling with mnemonic table

By using mnemonic table You can retell fairy tales and stories. Children see all the characters, and concentrate their attention on the correct construction of sentences, on reproducing in their own speeches necessary expressions.

Algorithm:

1. Reading text to adults;

2. Review mnemonic tables;

3. Answers to questions about content:

4. Repeated reading of the story with the intention of retelling;

5. Retelling the text by the child in his own words using mnemonic table.

Solving riddles using mnemonic table

Practical task

Make sketches on puzzles:

1. “Under the pines, under the fir trees, there is a bag of needles.”

2. “Without hands, without an axe, the hut was built.”

3. “The grandfather is sitting, dressed in a hundred fur coats. Whoever undresses him sheds tears.

How to form a child’s speech and help him feel the rhythm speeches, fill his speech with beautiful and in the right words, teach how to make phrases and sentences? Use mnemonics.

Schemes and symbol tables are assistants that help to perceive auditory information, process visual information and, without fear of making mistakes, reproduce it.

What gives mnemonics?

Thus, systematic work on speech development in children using mnemonic tables gives his results:

Not only vocabulary expands, but also knowledge about the world around us.

There is a desire to retell it - the child understands that it is not at all difficult.

Memorizing poetry turns into a game that children really like.

This is one of the effective ways speech development of preschoolers.

It must be remembered that the level of speech development determined by the child’s vocabulary. And just a few steps taken in this direction will help you in speech development of a preschooler.

Therefore, the sooner you teach children tell or retell using the mnemonic method, the better we prepare them for school, since speech is an important indicator of a child’s mental abilities and his readiness for school.

“Teach a child some words unknown to him - he will suffer for a long time and in vain,

but connect twenty of these words with pictures and he will learn them on the fly.”

K.D. Ushinsky.

Dear colleagues!

Today I will try to reveal for you the concepts of “Mnemonics” and “Mnemotable”, introduce you to the stages of work and show various options using mnemonic tables.

Teachers often hear the following words from parents: “We don’t remember our poems!!! Can’t quickly remember the text, gets confused in the lines, rearranges words.”

The fact is that, in general, children have a more developed visual memory, so we need to find techniques that would contribute to the development of children's memory as a whole.

Memory is the process of remembering, storing and reproducing what we see, hear, think, and do. Without memory, the formation of a child’s personality is unthinkable, since the assimilation of knowledge about the world around him and about himself, mastery of norms of behavior, acquisition of skills, abilities, habits - all this is connected with the work of memory.

Modern children find it difficult to express their thoughts coherently, consistently, and grammatically correctly, and to talk about various events from the life around them. They do not like to learn poetry, retell texts, and do not know the techniques and methods of memorization. Memorizing poems causes them great difficulties, rapid fatigue and negative emotions.

Problems in children's speech:

The statements are short;

Consist of fragments that are logically not connected with each other;

Characterized by inconsistency;

Therefore, educators are faced with the task of how to help children, but in a way that makes it easy and interesting for them.

Mnemonics, or mnemonics, is a system of various techniques that facilitate memorization and increase memory capacity by forming additional associations, organization educational process in the form of a game.

Mnemonics help simplify the process of direct educational activities for children. Children learn in an interesting playful way, without mental and emotional overload.

The relevance of mnemonics for preschoolers is due to the fact that it is at this age that visual-figurative memory predominates in children, and memorization is mainly involuntary: children better remember events, objects, facts, phenomena that are close to their life experience. Mnemonics techniques facilitate the memorization process in children and increase memory capacity through the formation of additional associations.
The main “secret” of mnemonics is very simple. When a person connects several visual images in his imagination, the brain records this relationship. And later, when recalling one of the images of this association, the brain reproduces all previously connected images.

It is well known that the language of the brain is images. And, above all, visual images. If we address the brain in its language, it will carry out any of our commands, for example, the “remember” command. But where can we get programs that will allow us to communicate with the brain and encode telephone numbers, dates, car numbers into its figurative language?

Mnemonics is such a program. It consists of several dozen mental operations, thanks to which it is possible to “establish contact” with the brain and take under conscious control some of its functions, in particular, the memory function.

This is a unique system of methods and techniques that ensures successful and effective memorization of information.

Mnemonics helps develop:

Visual and auditory memory;

Visual and auditory attention;

Imagination;

Perception;

Develops horizons;

Develops all aspects of speech.

When starting work on mnemonics technology, the teacher must set himself the following tasks:

1. Promote the development of basic mental processes: memory, attention, perception, thinking.

2. To promote children’s ability to transform abstract symbols into images and vice versa, images into abstract symbols (transcoding and encoding information).

3. To promote the development of the ability to work according to a model, according to rules, listen to an adult and follow his instructions.

4. Promote the development of coherent speech, expansion and enrichment of children’s vocabulary.

5. Contribute to the formation of a holistic perception of the surrounding world. To promote the development of interest, motivation to study new things, unknown in the world around us, to take an active part in the educational process.

6. To promote the development of children’s creative abilities, the ability to draw up diagrams themselves and reproduce them.

7. Promote the development of fine motor skills of the hands.

8. Contribute to the formation of skills of cooperation, mutual understanding, goodwill, independence, initiative, responsibility.

Methods and techniques of mnemonics

Firstly, much attention should be paid to the development of children's perception:

visual;
auditory;
kinesthetic (movement of the eye, hand, vocal apparatus);
olfactory;
taste;
tactile.

To do this, in the classroom it is necessary to use a wide variety of games and exercises: “What has changed?”; “What’s missing?”; “Who left?”; “Who called?”; “Let’s hang it up and collect the words”; "Couple cards"; “Find out by touch”; " Wonderful pouch"; “Taste it” and others.

Secondly, it is necessary to develop the skills of memorizing any information in children.

The following methods will be most effective here:

“crocking” method - the use of drawings, diagrams, sketches, sketches;
a method using imaginative thinking;
method of associative chains (or “nonsense” method);
method of transformation (transformation).

Thirdly, we need to teach children to manage their attention (stability, distribution, switching).

This means that through games, game exercises, trainings we develop in children a voluntary type of attention and its properties such as stability, distribution and switching of attention.

To do this, in class you can use: “Find the differences”; "What changed"; "Do not snooze"; "Prohibited movement"; "The Absent-Minded Artist"; "Labyrinths"; “Find and cross out” (tables) and others.

Like any work, mnemonics is built on the principle of from simple to complex. It can be divided into three stages:

Stage 1: Introduction to symbols. This stage of work is also called – working with mnemonic squares.

Stage 3: At this stage, work with mnemonic tables begins.

Mnemonic square - A structural unit of a mnemonic track or mnemonic table.

This is a square (sheet of paper) on which some object, action or direction of action, or sign is schematically depicted. Each image represents a word, a combination of words, or a simple short sentence.

Mnemonic tracks - a collage of mnemonic squares, consisting of 3-4 images. With its help, children learn to write stories, tell tongue twisters, and memorize poems.

Mnemonic tables are a diagram that contains certain information. For each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is created, i.e. The entire text is sketched out schematically; looking at these diagrams and drawings, the child easily remembers the information. Mnemonic tables are used to draw up a story plan, retelling, compiling stories based on a picture and a series of pictures, a descriptive story, a creative story.

Mnemonics can be used in different types speech activity:

when memorizing poems, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters;
when retelling fiction;
when learning to compose stories;
when guessing and making riddles;

Mnemonics are multifunctional. Based on them, various educational games are created.

Retelling- an easier type of monologue speech, since it adheres to the author’s position of the work, it uses the author’s ready-made plot and ready-made speech forms and techniques. This is to some extent reflected speech with a certain degree of independence.

If you retell it using mnemonic tables, when children see all the characters, then the child already concentrates his attention on the correct construction of sentences, on reproducing the necessary expressions in his speech.

Memorization of poems, tongue twisters, tongue twisters.

Knowledge of poetry enriches a child’s vocabulary, develops skills in correct pronunciation of words and individual phrases, and develops a culture of speech.

To memorize a poem, you need to organize it in the form of a table. Each cell is one word or a whole phrase from the poem.

Thus, the entire poem is sketched schematically.
After this, the children reproduced the entire poem from memory, using a graphic image. At the initial stage, we offer children a ready-made plan-scheme, and as they learn, children are also actively involved in the process of creating their own scheme.

Stages of work on memorizing poems:

Answer questions about the content of the poem (to understand the text).

Understand unclear words and definitions.

Repeat the poem using the mnemonic table.

Tell a poem.

Tongue Twisters used for the development of children's speech, for the purpose of learning to speak expressively, legibly and clearly. Tongue twisters are an effective remedy for developing correct pronunciation. When people practice speaking tongue twisters out loud, their speech becomes more flexible and perfect. Diction acquires purity and distinctness over time.

In my work I use the tongue twisters of Evgeniya Alekseevna Kodolbenko, they are informative and structured. Each word has one symbol, and in every tongue twister where this word appears, it looks exactly like this. Having studied several of these tongue twisters, children usually catch this point. And in the future they can read themselves using reference symbols.

Pure speech is a rhyming phrase in which a sound is repeated frequently. They serve to practice sound pronunciation, develop voice strength, speech tempo, sense of rhyme, speech breathing, as well as for correction of the lexico-grammatical and phonetic-phonemic aspects of speech.

This is another type of working with mnemonic tables. Usage ready-made schemes purely speaking.

Mnemonic tables can be used to compile descriptive stories about toys, dishes, clothes, vegetables and fruits, birds, animals, insects. These diagrams help children independently determine the main properties and characteristics of the object in question, establish the sequence of presentation of the identified characteristics; enrich children's vocabulary.

The elements of the descriptive story model are symbols that are substitutes for the qualitative characteristics of an object: belonging to a generic concept; size; color, shape; constituent parts; surface quality; the material from which the object is made (for inanimate objects); how is it used (what benefits does it bring)?; Why do you like (dislike)?

Results of children's learning using mnemonics.

Children's knowledge about the world around them increases;

There is a desire to retell texts and come up with interesting stories;

There is an interest in learning poems and nursery rhymes;

Vocabulary reaches a higher level;

Children overcome timidity and shyness and learn to behave freely in front of an audience.

Mastering the techniques of working with mnemonic tables helps in the development of basic mental processes - memory, attention, imaginative thinking, and also reduces the time of learning coherent speech for preschool children. Mnemonics helps make the memorization process simpler, more interesting, and creative.

Bibliography:

1. Bolshova, T.V. We learn from a fairy tale. Development of preschoolers' thinking with the help of mnemonics T.V. Bolshova / St. Petersburg, 2005 - 71 p.

2. Davshchova T.G. Import V.M. Using support schemes in working with children // Davshchova T.G. Import V.M. Directory of senior educator preschool No. 1, 2008, p. 16

3. Omelchenko L.V. The use of mnemonic techniques in the development of coherent speech / Omelchenko L.V. Speech therapist. 2008. No. 4. - p.102 -115.

4. Polyanskaya, T. B. “Use of the mnemonic method in teaching storytelling to preschool children,” 2009.

5. Smyshlyaeva T.N. Korchuganova E.Yu. Using the method of visual modeling in the correction of general speech underdevelopment of preschool children // Speech therapist. – 2005. – No. 1.

6. Tkachenko T.A. The use of diagrams in the compilation of descriptive stories / Tkachenko T.A. Preschool education. 1990. No. 10 - p. 16-21.

7. Shirokikh T.D. Learning poetry - developing memory / Child in kindergarten. 2004. N2. P.59-62.