Military uniform by branch of service. Military uniform of the Russian Armed Forces

Military uniform of the armed forces Russian Federation always had some peculiarities. They are divided by color and purpose. Military uniforms can be intended for daily use, for field activities and for festive occasions. All these types of clothing are also divided into summer and winter options. The Ministry of Defense has carefully studied this issue, detailing orders on this aspect of the life of military personnel. The case affected both the winter uniform of the RF Armed Forces and the summer uniform.

Military clothing

The order clearly regulates the wearing of uniforms by military personnel. They apply not only to conscripts in service, but also to students of Suvorov schools and other military educational institutions similar type. Reserve soldiers who have the opportunity to wear the uniform of a military serviceman of the Russian Federation are required to adhere to this rule.

One of the main features that allows you to distinguish a military unit from one unit or another is the color design of the military uniform. This pattern has been preserved since the time of the last Tsar of the Russian Empire, which helps in distinguishing soldiers.

For military personnel navy It is typical for the Russian Federation to wear a black uniform.
Soldiers assigned to the ranks of the ground forces receive a green uniform.
Those serving in the aviation forces of the Russian Federation are given the opportunity to wear a blue uniform.

It is worth taking a closer look at the colors of the uniforms of various military units of the Russian Federation. For example, Navy personnel predominantly wear dark blue uniforms. These colors are used in the manufacture of flannel or naval suits. However, despite focusing on the main shade, white clothes can also be found.

The use of this shade is typical for summer holiday clothing. It was not without reason that this particular color was chosen, because it symbolizes purity, but the fact of pragmatism was not overlooked. If the temperature outside is extremely high, it is very wise to wear a uniform white to protect yourself from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

If it is typical for military personnel to wear green clothes, then the fact that this green shade can be represented in different types. For example, the color aqua, that is, a mixture of blue and green, is intended for festive occasions. This shade was borrowed from old samples of Soviet military personnel. Moreover, there is some similarity with the uniform of infantry or artillery soldiers from the times of the Russian Empire.

There is also such a shade as olive, it was characteristic of military personnel of the times Soviet Union. Some may confuse it with khaki, which is more common among military personnel, but this is misleading. For some departments, this color is associated with the festive. The olive hue is characteristic of soldiers who participated in military field conditions during the existence of the Russian Empire. Since 2010, some changes have occurred, marked by the fact that festive clothing and even festive clothing has become much brighter, which has become even more distinguishable from other forms.

If we talk about the blue tint, now it is more typical for military personnel in the ranks of the Air Force, Airborne Forces and Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation. In the past, this color division was not so common; moreover, there was a similarity with the ground forces - khaki dominated in these units, but only the uniform of the command staff of the Air Force differed at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Summer and winter samples

Summer and winter military uniforms deserve detailed consideration, because they are characterized by their own specific features. Headgear typical for military personnel of the Ground Forces, Airborne Forces and Air Force - caps. They are predominantly blue in color and perform a protective function. They come with tunics and trousers. The top component is shirts in a light blue or protective shade.

An additional option for a set of summer clothes is also expected. The headdress is a blue cap, and the lower part of the body is dressed in a suit, which includes a jacket and pants of similar colors, a T-shirt and black shoes.

As daily clothing for cadets and higher-ranking ranks such as sergeants, a camouflage headdress, a suit, black socks and shoes are used. A beret is also welcome as a headdress; some people prefer to wear a vest under a suit. If a soldier chooses a belt, it should be of a protective color.

Festive summer clothing has its own characteristics. For example, it includes a headdress made of wool fabric, predominantly blue. The torso is dressed in a jacket and trousers of a similar color, and a snow-white shirt is put on from the inside. You can’t do without a tie, which is why this black attribute is designed for this purpose, equipped with a golden-colored fastener for extravagance. Singing is also of a golden hue, and shoes, for a strict look, are preferably chosen in black.

Cadets and higher-ranking military personnel also wear unique clothing. The headdress is preferably blue or khaki, the suit includes a jacket and trousers, a shirt with short sleeves. For dress shoes, black ones are chosen, with socks of the same color. In some cases, it is allowed to wear only a shirt with the lower part of the suit.

Winter clothing for military personnel of the Ground Forces, Air Force and Airborne Forces has its own distinctive and weather-related properties. Taking into account the climatic conditions, a hat with earflaps suitable for his size is selected for the soldier. As an underwear, the choice falls on warm jackets in a protective or blue shade. A jacket, insulated pants, shirts, and, in accordance with the uniform, gloves are also selected. For formality, choose a black tie with gold plated fastening. Protective shade belt. For higher-ranking officials, it is expected to wear a headdress made of astrakhan fur.

Formal clothing also has its own conditions. This includes a headdress, which is a blue-colored earflap hat. Insulated pants, a tunic or a warm jacket are selected as clothing for the lower part of the body. You can't do without a tie, which is also black. High-ranking representatives of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are expected to wear an astrakhan hat. For shoes, choose black boots that fit in size.

For cadets, an almost similar uniform is expected, the only change being the color of the earflaps, which are now predominantly gray. Demi-season jackets of the same shades.

Military uniforms - field, everyday and ceremonial uniforms - are always regulated by the relevant decrees of the Ministry of Defense. However, there are special forces formations in the law enforcement agencies of ministries and departments not related to the Russian Armed Forces, which perform specific tasks, for which they use a very wide range of military and universal uniforms.

Classification of special purpose units

Existing special forces units in Russia belong to different departments. The Russian Armed Forces have the following special forces units:

Ground Forces (ground forces) - DShB brigades and DShP regiment;
GU - 25th regiment and brigade;
MO – center of Senezh;
GRU - PDSS detachments of reconnaissance points Parusnoye (Baltic Fleet), Tuapse (Black Sea Fleet), Zverosovkhoz (Northern Fleet) and Fr. Russky/Dzhigit Bay (Pacific Fleet);
Airborne Forces - 45th Guards Brigade (Kubinka);
Navy - detachments of the Caspian Flotilla, Black Sea, Baltic, Pacific and Northern Fleet.

The Russian special services also have special forces units:

FSB - operational support departments, regional departments and services, departments A (Alpha), B (Vympel) and C;
Border Service of the FSB - regional services and departments, DShM of border detachments, special intelligence groups OGSpR;
SVR – Zaslon detachment;
Ministry of Internal Affairs - Thunder squad;
National Guard troops - instead of internal troops, detachments were created: Wolverine (Krasnoyarsk-26), Rus (Simferopol), Skif (Grozny), Peresvet (Moscow), Svyatogor (Stavropol), Bulat (Ufa), Ratnik (Arkhangelsk), Kuzbass (Kemerovo) , Bars (Kazan), Mercury (Smolensk), Mechel (Chelyabinsk), Typhoon (Khabarovsk), Ermak (Novosibirsk), Edelweiss (Minvody), Vyatich (Armavir), Ural (Nizhny Tagil), Rosich (Novocherkassk), 604 TsSN;
Rosgvardia - combat units of SOBR and OMON;
FSIN - republican departments Saturn (Moscow), Rossy (Sverdlovsk), Typhoon (Lenoblast), Iceberg (Murmansk), Guardian (Chuvashia), Akula (Krasnodar), Yastreb (Mari El), Vulcan (Kabardino-Balkaria);
Ministry of Emergency Situations – special risk center Leader;
FSUE Communications-Security – Mars department.

Some of the above special purpose units are military, that is, by default they are staffed by military personnel. The other is departmental, that is, it employs employees who are assigned special ranks, not military ones. The two largest ministries of the Russian Federation include both:

Ministry of Internal Affairs - the special forces of the National Guard are staffed by military personnel, riot police and special forces are not military formations;
FSB - special forces of the border troops and departments A, B and C, respectively.

Special forces units carry out combat missions in populated areas and forests, under water and in the air, so field uniforms, ammunition and weapons are very different. A presidential decree in 2005 prohibited the use of insignia and military uniforms in the security units of the FSB, FSKN, Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSIN, PPS and other departments formed not from military personnel.

These highly mobile units go out on combat missions, perform guard duty and learn skills in various forms.

Military special forces

When performing fixed-term, long-term or contract service as part of special forces, a serviceman is obliged to comply with the rules of wearing uniforms and insignia. The state provides special forces formations with VKBO sets (all-season basic uniform set) consisting of 19 items of clothing. Independent configuration of VKBO elements is allowed, depending on combat and training missions and weather conditions.

Any third-party “camouflage,” “body armor,” or “unloading” that does not meet the requirements of the statute is considered a dress code violation. However, the Special Forces are considered the elite of the Russian Armed Forces; commanders may allow the use of more comfortable clothing, for example, American or European special forces.

Special purpose squads of combat swimmers actually arose during the Second World War, but the units were so secret that field and everyday clothing was altered by their employees independently from the most suitable uniforms of various branches of the military.

In 1974, during the formation of the famous Alpha (Group A of the KGB of the USSR for the fight against terror), working in a less secret mode, the problem of equipment also arose, so the officers wore blue jackets and suits for pilots and technical workers, which turned out to be most convenient for their tasks.

When a limited contingent of troops was introduced into Afghanistan in 1979, the special forces field uniform for hot climates and mountainous terrain was urgently developed based on the uniform of the troops of Congolese President Colonel Mabuta; the suit was sewn according to GOST 17 6290 from raincoat fabric with water-repellent impregnation.

Officially, the “Mabuta”, “jump suit” or “sand” was the uniform of “Alpha”, GRU units and the newly formed Vympel department; in fact, paratroopers and infantrymen bought it for cash with the permission of their commanders for everyday wear.

The modern Russian special forces uniform is comfortable and functional, but there are Western analogues that are superior to it in some properties/qualities. For example, until recently, a protective helmet did not have devices for fixing a tactical flashlight, night vision device and other devices. The colors and patterns of some camouflage fabrics and clothing styles from American and European manufacturers are better suited to specific local conditions.

Rules for wearing uniforms by Russian military personnel

In 2015, the Russian Ministry of Defense signed decree number 300 on the rules for wearing military uniforms. Last changes it was introduced in 2017, but before that significant adjustments were made three times:

1997 – symbols were added, wearing rules were introduced;
2008 - the dress uniform was simplified, field uniforms were improved;
2011 – partial return to the form of the USSR, development of the VKBO.

Until 2008, the equipment of special forces of the Armed Forces and non-armed forces departments was almost identical. Moreover, the guard’s uniform almost completely copied the uniform of the elite units participating in hostilities, therefore, in these formations and organizations, military symbols and army uniforms were prohibited.

VKBO kit

In 2011, a new uniform was developed for general purpose units and special forces units. The customer of the project was the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the contractor was the domestic light industry holding BTK Group. An integrated scientific approach was used, so the design bureau included:

University of Technology and Design St. Petersburg;
Naval Engineering Institute of State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education;
Institute of Medicine RAMS.

A ready-made VKBO set was tested in 8 military units for 3 months in 2012 in different regions of the country - the south of the Russian Federation, the Trans-Urals, the Central region, and the Arctic. The customer put forward the following requirements:

anti-slip surface of shoe soles;
petrol and oil resistance of the upper part of the shoe;
ergonomics of each element;
durability, compactness, low weight;
camouflage properties (camouflage);
protection from adverse conditions;
provision and ability to regulate heat balance;
moisture management at any level of physical activity.

The final VKBO set consists of 3 pairs of shoes and 20 items that provide a multi-layer effect. In other words, each subsequent layer is put on the previous layer to achieve a comfortable thermal balance in any weather conditions and climatic zones in different seasons of the year.

The delivery schedule was carried out in stages from 2013 to 2015. The transition from the existing uniform to the new uniform occurred gradually. Some of the personnel dressed in VKBO, and at the same time they wore old-style uniforms.

The uniform is considered casual and field, so the summer kit is intended for indoors all year round and outdoors at an air temperature of +15 degrees. The winter kit is effective for temperatures from -40 degrees to +15 degrees. Three pairs of shoes are designed to be worn in temperature ranges of -40 – -10 degrees, -10 – + 15 degrees and above + 15 degrees. Transported and stored not in use this moment clothes in a special backpack-trunk.

moisture-wicking underwear short (T-shirt and shorts) made of 100% polyester or long (long johns with a codpiece, sweatshirt with a round neck, long sleeves, fitted silhouette);
fleece underwear made from a long-sleeved sweatshirt (zip to the middle of the chest, chin protection, hole for thumb) and long johns (selective brushing, elastic band inside the waistband) made of 7% elastane and 93% polyester;
fleece jacket (100% polyester), 2 internal and 2 external pockets, chin protection, elbow, shoulder pads and stand-up collar made of finishing fabric, has a windproof flap, side zipper, double-sided fleece, wears with insulated, protective or demi-season suit ;
windbreaker (2% elastane and 98% polyester), digital camouflage, worn with trousers of the next level, cord at the bottom with fasteners, ventilation valves in the pockets, water-repellent finish;
demi-season suit (1% elastane, 99% polyamide) made of trousers with removable suspenders, the seat area and knees are reinforced with high-strength pads, side seams with zippers, and jackets with a two-way zipper, hood, front pockets, stand-up collar, elbow pads;
windproof suit (PTFE membrane inside 100% polyamide) made of jacket and trousers, linings, double flap, hood, waterproof zippers, side seams of trousers with zippers;
insulated vest (100% polyamide and PTFE membrane), one internal pocket is tightened with a cord, the second is closed with a zipper, front external patch pockets, windproof placket with hidden buttons;
insulated suit (100% polyamide), hood is adjustable to fit the face, pockets in the sleeves, reinforced linings, mitten clips, bottom of trousers with elastic bands, top to mid-thigh with zippers.

Fleece underwear weighs 516 g, regular 281 g (long), insulated suit 2.3 kg. The summer suit (digital camouflage) has an increased cotton content (65%). The thread is reinforced using rip-stop technology, the fabric practically does not tear. A headdress is provided for him - a cap. The second cap is worn with a demi-season suit. The scarf is made in the shape of a bib and is adjustable in volume.

Universal hat-balaclava made of 30% polyamide and 70% wool, transformable. An insulated hat with two elongated flaps allows for wearing in several positions. Winter socks made of wool with the addition of polyamide. The mittens have removable insulation and fasteners for jacket sleeves. Five-fingered woolen gloves, black.

However basic kit does not provide 100% equipment for solving special forces combat missions, therefore special forces units use additional equipment, ammunition, and weapons. For example, body armor, unloading vests, camouflage suits, wetsuits, jumpsuits for parachutists.

Casual dress

Unlike rapid reaction forces, special forces plan operations in advance, so daily activities traditionally include:

classroom training (theory, tactics);
performing guard duty;
rest and personal time.

Thus, army special forces use the new VKBO kits, which are quite sufficient for these tasks. For training in special disciplines, field uniforms are used - camouflage suits, body armor, wetsuits, jumpsuits.

Field uniform

By virtue of special status Special forces units solve very different tasks:

sabotage and anti-terrorism activities;
intelligence and counterintelligence;
ensuring the safety of one’s own unit and eliminating enemy structures of the same name;
organizing mass riots on enemy territory and fighting them in one’s own regions;
protection of objects/persons and their physical destruction.

The field black uniform of the OMON of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the FSB provides visual control - friend/foe, demoralizes the enemy, and the diving suit of the PDSS GRU naval combat swimmer ensures covert penetration under water. The “Izlom” camouflage is good for moving through the forest as part of a group, and the “Leshy” camouflage suit is used by a sniper in a long-term firing position.

Ceremonial uniform

The dress uniform of military personnel and employees of special forces units is much easier to understand:

they belong to certain branches of the military;
ceremonial uniforms are used during dismissal, at a gala event or during vacation, that is, at events not related to combat missions.

Special forces soldiers are dressed according to the rules of wearing military uniforms.

Airborne Forces

Usually the special forces demobilization uniform is decorated with aiguillettes and numerous piping elements of ceremonial clothing. In fact, aiguillette is an element of the dress uniform for special ceremonial occasions according to Decree No. 300 of 2015 of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The ceremonial uniform of an airborne special forces officer includes:

jacket, trousers and cap made of blue (sea wave) wool;
a vest with blue stripes instead of a white general-arms shirt;
ceremonial golden belt;
black boots with high tops;
blue beret or cap.

In winter, airborne troops dress in the same uniform, and on top of it they wear a casual warm blue jacket and black gloves. Instead of a beret/cap, a fur hat with earflaps or a cap can be used.

In the summer, soldiers, sergeants and cadets wear a blue beret, combat boots, a vest and a casual suit.

Navy

The uniform of the Special Forces belonging to the Navy is completely identical to the uniform of the Airborne Special Forces. Since the rules for wearing a dress uniform clearly state that all special forces, regardless of belonging to a specific branch of the military, receive the right to wear a blue vest and ankle boots. The beret has the color of the military branch.

PS FSB (border service)

The jacket of an FSB officer is no different from the uniform of a serviceman - three buttons, sea wave color, fitted. The shoulder straps of employees of departments A, B and C have a cornflower blue edging on a silver or gold field, the border service has a green edging. The ceremonial military uniform is equipped with boots or boots (for formation), and a golden belt. The color of the overcoat is steel gray, it is fastened with 6 buttons.

Special Forces National Guard Troops (maroon berets)

A distinctive element of the dress uniform of the special forces of the former Internal Troops, preserved after they were renamed the National Guard, is the headdress. The maroon beret appeared in 1978, until 1989 it remained a non-statutory element of the uniform, to which senior officers turned a blind eye. The qualification test for the right to wear it was legalized only in 1993.

Simultaneously with the maroon beret of the VV special forces, vests with stripes of a similar color appeared, similar to the Airborne Forces and Marine Corps(blue and black vests in the color of the berets of these military branches, respectively).

PDSS and MRP GRU (combat swimmers)

PDSS units were created to identify and eliminate enemy underwater saboteurs. However for effective fight with them are combat swimmers (the same saboteurs, but their own). In addition, there are separate formations in each fleet for highly specialized tasks, for example, protecting the water area and ships inside it under water or organizing sabotage.

These formations of Russian special forces are considered the most classified so far. During the Soviet era, they were provided with the standard uniform of privates and sergeants of the home fleet. We wore it on leave and on vacation; we never took part in parades.

Currently the situation continues. The dress uniform of the MRP and PDSS detachments is completely identical to the uniform of the Navy.

Dress code for particularly hot regions

The Russian Army does not provide dress uniforms for hot regions. But for the Russian soldier there is a special everyday uniform from the manufacturer BTK Group consisting of 8 items:

socks;
t-shirt;
baseball cap;
Panama;
shorts;
trousers;
jacket.

This is the uniform worn by the MTR units of the Russian Armed Forces in Syria. All clothing is sand-colored without a camouflage pattern.

Female form

In Special Forces formations, women's everyday and field clothing has special sizes. The jacket-shirt is equipped with a large number of pockets. The dress uniform is distinguished by the presence of a blouse and skirt made of wool instead of a men's jacket and trousers. Berets, ankle boots and vests are preserved in full for the special forces that the Russian Army has.

Special units of law enforcement agencies and ministries

After 2008, special forces uniforms staffed by non-military personnel use differences from army uniforms. This was done on purpose to avoid confusion. However, even before the renaming, the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs received the right to wear a maroon beret and vest.

By default, employees use a full police uniform (MVD) or similar uniforms of their own department (FSB, FSIN). In most cases, a domestically produced VKBO kit is used as an everyday uniform. The field uniform corresponds to the tasks of the units and differs significantly from the army uniform.

For example, the Special Forces formations of the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs use a black uniform.

Standard uniform

By analogy with the army, the latest edition of the Rules for Wearing Uniforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs took place in 2011, so the special forces “parade” is practically no different from the PPS uniform. The main nuances are:

even at special events, riot police are allowed to wear gray camouflage, and SOBR is allowed a black summer suit;
instead of an army field uniform, there is an analogue - uniforms for performing service and operational special tasks;
instead of a jacket, the suit set may include a “Gorka” (mountain suit) of an anorak style (put on over the head) or a single-breasted jacket with a zipper;
By analogy with the airborne troops, a beret is provided, only green or black.

Unlike the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the GRU special forces uniform is subject to the rules of wearing of the Ministry of Defense, that is, by default it is army.

Individual uniform and ammunition

If the army Special Forces are characterized by covert operations, police special forces often confront armed formations “face to face”, therefore the cut of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and FSB clothing and its protective characteristics often turn out to be unsatisfactory when using standard kit. Uniforms of American and European production are purchased, including by the special forces officers themselves:

bulletproof vests Redut, Defender and Bagariy of modular type;
unloading vests manufactured by Armak;
Molle pouch sets;
OpScore, Omnitek-T and ShBM helmets;
submachine guns Veresk SR-2M and PP-2000.

Standard AKs are equipped with length-adjustable stocks and Picatinny rails, allowing you to attach additional devices to the machine gun.

Special Operations Forces MTR

The unit reports to the Minister of Defense, was created in 2009, and the data of the current SOF commander is classified. They are considered a rapid reaction force and conduct operations abroad (Somalia, Aleppo) and within the country (North Caucasus).

From its inception until mid-2014, exclusively foreign special forces uniforms were used to equip these units:

Propper BDU (multicam colors);
special equipment kits for hot climates;
Arcteryx Leaf;
Tactical Combat, Field or Performance;
tactical suit Fortrex K14;
helmets Warrior Quiver and 6B7-1M;
ballistic helmet Spartan;
diving suit GKN-7 set Amphora diving;
anti-fragmentation suit Reid-L;
body armor 6B43;
unloading vest 6Sh112.

Currently, the BTK Group holding company provides decent quality materials, design and functionality of equipment; domestic uniforms are used, with rare exceptions.

In the media, this unit is usually called “Polite People” because of the corresponding attitude towards journalists during the maintenance of order in Crimea in 2014. During the operation, his disguise was either a security guard's uniform or civilian clothing.

Options for camouflage suits

Domestic camouflage for military uniforms comes in several types:

Deciduous forest - created during the Second World War in 1942, suitable for forest;
Silver leaf - has additional names “birch” and “sunny bunny”;
Amoeba - appeared in 1935, the spots are large, there are options for any season of varying color intensity;
VSR-93 – “Butane”, more often called “vertical”, the design completely merges the form with the vegetation;
VSR-98 - “Flora” or “Watermelon” because of the corresponding stripes, is considered basic for the European part of the Russian Federation;
Flora digital - called the “Russian number”, is the youngest option.

Initially, camouflage was used to disguise special forces weapons and their uniforms to match the surrounding terrain. like this field clothes worn by all Special Forces units. However, for special operations there are better camouflage options:

Goblin - the cape is hung with bunches of green, brown and yellow color, blends in with any vegetation and tree trunks;
Kikimora is a high-strength shapeless fiber of a marsh color.

There are known options from third-party manufacturers of camouflage fabric and ready-made sets of tactical uniforms made from it:

Twilight – color from black to light gray (twilight);
Cobra - looks like the scales of a large reptile, blends in with the woodland and tall grass;
Izlom – waterproof fabric for deciduous and coniferous forests;
Frog – large digital squares;
Multicam - the American version for urban areas, slums, communications, not suitable for forests;
Suprat - a domestic development of a forest camouflage pattern and suit style, costs three times less than imported analogues;
Amoeba - created from illogical fabric, has the most extensive operating experience;
Black - for units of departmental security forces (Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB and UPSIP) for the purpose of quickly identifying each other;
Winter – pure white or with black spots;
Desert – advantage of sandy and brown colors;
Jungle – yellow and green;
Urban – considered basic, has a gray background, dark “number”.

In addition to the Special Forces, camouflage clothing is used by combat units and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Armed Forces, GRU, FSB and even civilians and organizations. For example, a police officer and a fisherman can be dressed in camouflage. Until recently, the uniform of a security guard was practically no different from army uniforms.

Foreign analogues of camouflage fabric are most often superior to domestic developments:

Apu Pat - the name of the style of clothing and the color of camouflage fabric, does not change color when wet;
Woodland - a budget version of the previous material, darkens when wet, nicknamed “NATO”, has four shades - rich green for swamps, moderate for forests, brown for mountains and basic universal;
Marpat - has three options for desert, city and forest, digital spots with black, brown and green shades, breaking the symmetry of human anatomy, which the observer’s eye usually clings to.

Digital drawing is considered the best option, since it is being developed in a special camouflage department of the Karbyshev Central Research Institute. The shape of the pixel interferes with the concentration of the gaze on it and “falls out” from the field of view. For example, the “kink” option has the following masking properties:

the scheme is divided into color parts - mustard, dark green and brown;
the fracture imitates the three main coverings of a coniferous forest - moss, foliage and fallen needles;
the deforming visual perception of the silhouette behind the camouflage fabric is achieved by increasing the size of the pattern;
digital areas of green color should be close to the real size of the needles, brown - to the dimensions of moss spots, and mustard - to dry foliage.

Camouflage colors are often used for sewing everyday uniforms, since the fabric is very strong.

Special uniforms

In addition to the Kikimora and Leshy camouflage coats, several categories of military specialists have special uniforms:

scuba divers and divers;
paratroopers and snipers;
saboteurs and anti-terrorism groups;
sappers and miners.

For the same reasons, special forces weapons are diverse:

Pecheneg and AKM machine guns;
pistol Vityaz PP-10-01, Glock-17 and PYa;
AK-105, 74M and APS (underwater) assault rifles;
sniper complexes VSK-94 and Vintorez;
PRTK Cornet complexes;
hand grenade launchers GM-94 and under-barrel grenade launchers GP-34.

Special forces move overland in SUVs, KamAZ-Mustangs, BTR-82 armored personnel carriers, armored vehicles and ATVs.

Delivery by air is carried out by AN-26 transport personnel and Mt-8MTV-5 helicopters, by water by BRP SEA-DOO jet skis, and under water by tugboats and nuclear submarines.

Thus, the dress uniform of special forces units is a kind of camouflage. Everyday uniforms are most often the same, but field uniforms are very diverse and unique.

The history of the military uniform of the Russian Air Force goes back to Tsarist Russia. Over the century of its existence, the form has changed many times almost beyond recognition. The main historical guidelines in the formation of modern Air Force uniforms are as follows:

1910 - formation of the Air Force of the Russian Empire;
1918 - creation of the air force of the Russian Soviet Republic;
1939 – 1945 - The Great Patriotic War ;
1945-1990s – Cold War;
1992 – reform of the Russian Armed Forces;
2009 – introduction of the form created by V. Yudashkin;
2013 – introduction by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation S. Shoigu new form Air Force.

Uniforms of the Air Force of the Russian Empire

Initially, aviation was classified as an engineering force. Consequently, the uniforms were engineering ones, although with minor differences - black cloth and silver buttons. Own appearance The aviation uniform was received only in 1914, just before the First World War.

The aviator uniforms were brownish in color, and the squad number was indicated by Roman numerals on the epaulettes. Leather jackets and helmets were used for flying. In summer version Leather Jacket could be replaced with linen. The aviators had combat and non-combat uniforms in protective shades at their disposal.

USSR Air Force uniform

In 1922, Order No. 322 clearly regulated the uniforms of employees of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of each branch of the military. At the same time, forty emblems of branches and types of troops were approved, two of which belonged to the air force.

In those days, aviation was not allocated to a separate unit of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union, but was a branch of the Red Army troops. In 1924, the color of the military aviators' uniform was changed to blue. In its cut, the aviator uniform differed little from the uniform of the ground forces. The only difference was the color of the buttonholes and piping - they were blue. Subsequently, the shoulder straps also became blue.

In 1935, Soviet pilots received new buttonholes with a gold field and black piping for political workers, soldiers and junior officers, and blue for officers. On the buttonholes there were insignia - enamel red diamonds, rectangles, squares and rectangles (introduced into use in 1924) and the aviation emblem - a winged propeller.

Also in 1935, gold and red chevrons were introduced. Initially, gold chevrons were intended for generals, and red ones for officers. But in 1940, there was a change in the uniform regulations, as a result of which generals began to wear one wide gold color, emphasized by a red stripe at the bottom. A gold star was placed on top of such a chevron. Officers received chevrons of red and gold stripes.

Air Force uniform from Yudashkin

In 2007, the government allocated 170 million rubles to create a new model of military uniform from Valentin Yudashkin. After two years of development, this form was adopted in 2009. But after existing for three years, in 2012, it was abolished by the decision of Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu. According to him newest project The uniform of all branches of the military will be similar to the uniform of the Ministry of Emergency Situations employees.

Sergei Shoigu's uniform reform

The Ministry of Defense announced a decision to reform the standard uniform for command center employees and a new office suit for department employees. In this case, the uniform will be the same for both civilian specialists and military personnel. The uniform will be produced in three colors - black, blue and protective. The color depends on the specific type or branch of the military. The uniform is designed exclusively for everyday wear, and not for field conditions.

Air Force uniform for today

The summer version of the office uniform consists of a blue suit, a white T-shirt, a field cap, black high-top boots, black socks and a field cap. The winter version of the office uniform consists of a camouflage suit and T-shirt (T-shirt), a muffler and protective coat, a camouflage field cap, black boots or low shoes with black socks and camouflage gloves. In service, the uniform is completed with a black belt. Stripes on summer military uniforms are always placed on the left sleeve, on the outside. Stripes should only be placed on the jacket or coat.

Officer's uniform

The summer casual uniform consists of a blue jacket and trousers, and a blue shirt. Under the shirt goes a black tie with the obligatory gold tack. A blue or protective cap serves as a headdress. Shoes are required in black boots, low shoes or ankle boots with black socks. The uniform for the form is equipped with a black belt.

IN winter time The uniform of Air Force officers consists of trousers and a blue or khaki jacket. Under the suit, a khaki or blue shirt with a black tie and gold pin is required. The outerwear is a gray or blue coat with a gray hat with earflaps. Gloves must be black. Under the coat - a protective or blue muffler. Shoes – low shoes, shoes or boots with black socks. The uniform for the formation is complemented by a black belt.

The charter allows the wearing of caps, caps or berets, raincoats and jackets in khaki or blue. In the winter version of the uniform, instead of a jacket, you can wear a blue or khaki sweater.

Senior officers uniform

The main difference between the winter uniform of senior officers is the presence of a gray astrakhan detachable collar and a gray hat.

Uniform of military personnel - women

The summer casual uniform of female military personnel consists of a skirt and jacket in blue or khaki, a blouse in khaki or blue, and a tie with a gold tack. As a headdress - a blue or protective cap. Shoes – shoes or boots of black or flesh color.

The winter office uniform is complemented by a khaki or blue muffler and a khaki coat. Headdress – gray astrakhan beret. The coat colors of officers and warrant officers are blue and gray.

Uniforms for cadets and enlisted personnel

The summer dress uniform of enlisted personnel consists of a blue or khaki suit, underneath which is a khaki shirt and a black tie with a gold tack. A khaki woolen cap serves as a headdress. Shoes – black boots or low shoes with black socks.

The winter dress uniform of enlisted personnel, in addition to a suit and shirt, includes a coat and muffler of khaki color, gray fur hat earflaps and black gloves. In summer, instead of a cap, it is permissible to wear a beret. In winter it can be used instead of a hat.

Officer uniform

The summer version of the officer's uniform consists of a blue jacket and trousers, a white shirt with a black tie and a gold pin. The cap must match the color of the suit. Shoes – black boots or low shoes with black socks. For construction, a golden belt is worn.

The winter ceremonial officer uniform is complemented by a gray or blue coat, a white muffler and black or white gloves. The headdress is a gray fur hat with earflaps. Shoes – black shoes, low shoes or boots. Berets or outerwear in blue or khaki colors are allowed to be worn.

The ceremonial uniform of senior officers is, in general, the same as that of other officers. The difference is a gray patched astrakhan collar and a gray hat.

Uniform of military personnel - women

Summer ceremonial clothing for female enlisted military personnel does not differ from everyday clothing. The outer suit of warrant officers and officers is blue. Underneath is a white blouse. The uniform for the formation is complemented by a black belt for rank and file and a golden belt for officers.

The winter version of the officers' dress uniform is complemented by a white muffler; the colors of officer coats are gray and blue. The officer's skirt and jacket are blue, the blouse is white, and that of the rank and file is protective. Soldiers and cadets wear khaki coats. Headdress – gray astrakhan beret. The uniform for the formation is complemented by a belt, black for rank and file, golden for officers and warrant officers.

Video about the Air Force

If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them

High-quality military clothing is the key to high combat effectiveness of the army. Modern Russian military uniform meets all requirements: it is comfortable, reliable and functional. A new military uniform was released in our country in 2018, and now every member of the armed forces is equipped with it.

Military uniforms are divided into three main types:

Front door - used during special occasions(at parades, on military holidays, at ceremonies for receiving military awards, etc.);
Field - used during combat operations, service, providing assistance to civilians during natural disasters, etc.;
Office - used in cases not falling into the first two categories.

Global reform of the Russian army uniform

The modern history of Russia includes several unsuccessful attempts to change military uniforms. While our country was spending huge amounts of money on unsuccessful experiments, US Army Military clothing became more comfortable, its performance characteristics increased, and innovative materials were used in the production of clothing.

The modern military uniform began its journey in 2007, when the post of Minister of Defense was held by Anatoly Serdyukov. It was then that a large-scale sketch competition was organized, in which thousands of designers from all over the country took part. The Ministry of Defense awarded the victory to the famous designer Valentin Yudashkin.

For the next two years, specialists were developing the final versions of a new army uniform, intended for further equipment Russian Army. The result was a set of clothing that was in many ways similar to American uniforms. The developers did not agree with this opinion, although many factors spoke in favor of this comparison.

The winter military uniform caused particular dissatisfaction. It did not protect the soldiers from the cold. For this reason, the Ministry of Defense received many complaints every day about the poor quality of the winter kit. This led to an outbreak colds among the military. There were also complaints about the appearance of the uniform: some stylistic decisions were copied from kits of other countries. The stumbling block was the quality of the fabric and thread: new military clothing quickly became unusable.

Negative reviews and dissatisfaction among soldiers and army specialists forced the Ministry of Defense to think about changing the equipment. The decision to take American clothing as a basis was a mistake; such costumes were not suitable for the conditions of our country. The new set of military uniforms, developed subsequently, consisted of 19 parts. The approximate cost of one set is 35 thousand rubles. The ceremonial version did not suffer any special changes, since the field uniform is of particular importance.

New field military uniform of the Russian Armed Forces

The first change that caught my eye was the change in the location of the shoulder straps on the uniform. In 2010, a “NATO” version was proposed, the shoulder straps in it were located on the “belly”. Many servicemen did not like this, since they were “used to seeing shoulder straps on their shoulders.” The chevrons on the uniform are located on both sleeves. An addition was the appearance of fitted overcoats, quickly secured clothing items with Velcro. For the first time in history, Russian officers received warm sweaters. It was not possible to completely replace foot wraps and boots.

Valentin Yudashkin was blamed for the failed project of a new military suit. In 2012, he spoke to reporters and stated that the clothes he used were very different from his version. In particular, to reduce costs, materials were replaced with lower quality ones. Journalists came to the conclusion that all that remained of the designer’s version was the appearance.

The new generation of military uniforms was developed based on feedback from thousands of soldiers from across the country. The shape of the aircraft has become multi-layered. This allows each soldier to independently choose necessary elements clothes, guided by the goals and objectives set for him, as well as weather conditions.

The modified VKPO set includes a basic suit, several types of jackets, boots for different seasons and much more, including a balaclava, a synthetic belt and high-quality socks. Military uniforms are made from mixed fabric, which includes 65% cotton and 35% polymer materials.

Every soldier had new-style Russian military clothing at the end of 2018, as previously planned by the Ministry of Defense. The change of equipment took place in three stages. In 2013, 100 thousand new kits were issued, in 2014 - 400 thousand and in 2018 - 500 thousand. In 3 years, a million military personnel were provided.

The complete rejection of foot wraps deserves special attention. Modern images of military uniforms include 12 pairs of socks for one soldier, which he uses throughout the year. It is planned to soon increase the number of pairs per military man to 24.

VKPO kits for wearing at different atmospheric temperatures

The new model military uniform is presented in two sets:

Basic uniform for wearing at temperatures above +15 degrees Celsius;
Multi-layer system for wearing in temperatures from +15 to -40 degrees Celsius.

IN winter period soldiers wear lightweight or fleece underwear sets. They are selected depending on the air temperature. In particularly cold areas, both sets of underwear can be worn one on top of the other.

For equipment in summer period years, trousers, a jacket, a beret and boots are used. The surface of the clothing is carefully treated with an innovative solution that repels moisture. It allows clothes to remain dry in the rain for up to two hours. To protect against mechanical influences, military clothing is equipped with reinforcing elements. Such kits are used in parts with a high degree of load.

The rules for wearing military uniforms allow you to use a fleece jacket in the autumn season: excellent thermal insulation is provided by the pile with which it is covered on both sides. A windbreaker jacket, worn with fifth-layer trousers, protects from strong winds.

A demi-season military suit is intended for the autumn period. The material from which it is made provides reliable protection from the wind, a good degree of vapor permeability and dries quickly after getting wet. During heavy rainfalls, it is permissible to use a wind and water protection kit. The membrane and reliable sizing of the layers provide reliable protection from moisture.

In winter, insulated jackets and vests are worn to protect against moisture and wind. Despite the high degree of frost protection, they are light and practical. For very low temperatures An insulated hat and balaclava are provided.

Modern ceremonial military uniform of the Russian Armed Forces

The basic design of the dress uniform has not changed for many years, as it continues to meet modern requirements while paying tribute to history. Only a few elements have been replaced in last years due to their obsolescence. The dress uniform is worn at parades, holidays, when receiving military awards, etc.

IN Russian army There are three approaches to creating such a set of uniforms:

Traditional. Clothing sets include elements created back in the 19th century. A good example serves as a ceremonial set Presidential Regiment of the Russian Federation- their costumes are identical to the uniform of the Imperial Guard adopted in 1907;
Modern. The cut of the dress uniform corresponds to the daily set; the same colors can be used. For example, in Armed Forces RF color of the ceremonial jacket matches the everyday one. Casual elements are complemented by ceremonial elements;
Universal. The color of a ceremonial suit can be the same as the everyday one, but the colors of the ceremonial elements must be different.

The dress uniform must strictly meet the following standards:

The style of the military uniform of military personnel of the Russian Army must be observed;
A military suit for ceremonial purposes should be strict and elegant;
Only high-quality materials should be used in production.

Changes to the design of the dress uniform are rarely made; its main style is determined by history. Various additional elements may change each year. Changing the materials used in production is permissible only if it improves the quality and performance characteristics of the suit.

The general's ceremonial outfit deserves attention. It is also similar to a casual suit, but has a difference in color. The color of the dress uniform is gray, worn with bluish trousers and black boots. There are stripes on the collar and cuffs.

Everyday uniform of military personnel

The color of the daily uniform depends on rank and affiliation. Military clothing of the Russian Army of the everyday type for generals and officers is olive-colored, in the Air Force it is blue. The caps match the color of the equipment. The color scheme was based on the 1988 model. Decorative elements on the caps are painted gold. Winter clothing for men has not changed since the last reform.

Girls in military uniform can now feel comfortable. Dresses and skirts fit comfortably around the body, emphasizing feminine beauty. Women's military clothing - olive or blue colors. In the winter season, a short, fitted coat is used. Female sergeants and enlisted men wear an olive casual uniform. In the warm season, there should be a cap on the head, in the winter - an astrakhan beret, introduced by the latest reform.

Sergeants, soldiers and cadets are deprived of their daily uniform due to uselessness. As an alternative, they are encouraged to wear winter or summer field equipment.

The military uniform of this type in the winter includes a gray coat for military personnel (for Air Force And Airborne Forces blue). For the autumn period, a blue demi-season jacket is provided, for rain in the summer - an elongated raincoat that does not allow moisture to pass through. Black coloring for additional clothing items (belt, boots and socks).

Modern office uniform of the Russian army

This set of clothing is a type of casual clothing, used by generals, officers and employees of the Ministry of Defense of certain ranks. A military suit of this type resembles casual clothes Ministry of Emergency Situations. The kit includes:

Soft cap. All military units have a green beret; airborne units were left with a blue beret;
A cap-colored shirt with a long or short sleeve(choice depends on the weather). Shoulder straps can be attached to the shoulders with Velcro; a tie is not applicable;
White T-shirt (worn under the shirt);
Cap-colored trousers and straight-cut shirts.

IN colder time It is permissible to use a warm jacket with an office uniform. It is possible to additionally attach a hood. The cap can be replaced with a warm hat with earflaps. Shoulder straps are attached to the shoulders of the suit with Velcro.

Every year the office uniform undergoes minor changes. These include the introduction and abolition of various sewing costumes, changing the shape of insignia, etc. It is prohibited to use an office suit as a field suit. Care and rules for wearing a military uniform

The rules for wearing military uniforms are regulated by Order 1500 - the suit must always be clean. In order for it to remain so, you need to know about some of the intricacies of caring for it. Improper washing or drying can ruin the appearance, which will lead to operational problems. Before cleaning clothes, you should read the information on the label.

It is recommended to wash woolen clothes by hand in warm water. If this is not possible, then you can use a washing machine, but the washing mode should be the most gentle. Military clothing sizes may become smaller if washed using hot water. It is prohibited to wring wool products.

Everyday military equipment is less demanding to care for. It can be washed in washing machine in any mode with any washing powder. In addition, the casual suit can withstand water of any temperature.

It is not recommended to clean a beautiful dress uniform at home. It is better to entrust this process to professionals in the dry cleaning service.
The new Russian military clothing, introduced into service in 2018, surpasses the previous generation in all respects. This became possible after refusing to copy American designs, which are unsuitable for the climatic conditions of our country. The military uniform of the Russian Federation is considered one of the best in the world.

If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them